Subject: genetics, biology, biotechnology; science; agronomy; agriculture, plant science, soil science, Agrochemistry, breeding, horticulture, post-harvest handling, storage and processing of crop production technology production and processing of livestock products; veterinary medicine; quality and safety of agricultural products; processing and storage of products; forestry and decorative gardening; mechanization, electrification and automation of agriculture Year established: 2005 Founders: National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine Published 6 times a year Languages of the publication: Ukrainian, English Address: Heroiv Oborony st., 15, Kyiv-03041, Ukraine Phone: +380445278720 Indexed in the following international scientometric databases: Ulrichsweb Erihplus Google Scholar BASE MIAR <a href="http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/biblio.do?agrovocString=&agrovocToAdd=&agrovocToRemove=&advQuery=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%96+%D0%9D%D0%A3%D0%91%D1%96%D0%9F+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8&centerString=&centerToRemove=&onlyFullText=false&filterString=%2BcitationTitle%3A%28%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%29+%2BcitationTitle%3A%28%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%96%29%0D%0A%2BcitationTitle%3A%28%D0%9D%D0%A3%D0%91%D1%96%D0%9F%29+%2BcitationTitle%3A%28%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8%29&filterToRemove=&typeString=&typeToRemove=&filterQuery=&method%3Aexecute=&operator=Optional&field=0&center=0&lang=0&typeToAdd=0&fromDate=0&toDate=0&enableField=Disable">AGRIS ResearchBib
National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
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Features of bending of curvilinear absolutely elastic bars
In construction mechanics, the linear theory of bending is used to calculate deflections of beams. It gives an approximate result, but it is quite acceptable for practice, since the deflections of the beams are small compared to their length. In the case of significant deflections of the rods, when the curvature of the elastic axis is significant, a nonlinear theory is used. It is based on the position of resistance of materials, according to which the curvature of the elastic axis is directly proportional to the applied moment and inversely proportional to the stiffness of the rod. Such types of elastic bending are present in agricultural tillage equipment. Thanks to the elasticity of the rods, which can be working bodies or connect the working bodies to the frame of the machine, pulsating loads are extinguished. Bars in the free state can have an initial curvature of the elastic axis, which can be constant or variable. One end of the rod is rigidly attached to the machine frame, and the other is under the influence of the applied force. If the curvature is constant, that is, the elastic axis of the rod is an arc of a circle, then the deformation will be the same regardless of which end of the rod is attached to the frame. For rods with a variable curvature of the elastic axis, this is important. The following cases are considered in the article, corresponding calculations were made on the basis of which the shape of the elastic axis of the rod after its bending was found. Curvilinear rods of variable curvature have a different value at the ends. In this regard, the shape of the elastic axis under the action of the tracking force of the pinched rod will depend on which end it is pinched. The moment under which the elastic axis of the rod is deformed depends on the shoulder, that is, on the length of the arc of the elastic axis.The length of the arc of the curve can increase only in one direction from the reference point. If the rod is clamped at the opposite end, then the direction in which the shoulder grows, i.e. the length of the arc, must be changed. For this purpose, a method of solving this problem is proposed, which allows you to take any section of a curved rod and examine it for bending by the following force when one or the opposite end is pinched.
Machinery & Automation ofAgriculture 4.0
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Features of the formation of the height of soybean varieties of different maturity groups
The article presents the results of the analysis of the formation of the height of soybean plants, their weight, attachment of the lower beans on the plant in different groups of soybean maturity. The research was conducted in 2022–2024 at NATASHA AGRO LLC of the Chernihiv region. Soy varieties, early ripening - Diadema Podillia, Tenor, Satalia; mid-early ripening – Churayvna, Sakuza, Mentor; medium-ripe - Pallador, Prescott, Azimuth. The Churayvna soybean variety served as a control. The soil of the experimental site is a meadow-chernozem dusty-loamy soil. The area of the sowing area is 78 m2, the accounting area is 25 m2, repetition three times. The predecessor is corn. The method of sowing is35 cm wide rows. Soybean sowing rate is 550,000/ha of similar seeds. It has been established that the formation of the height of soybean plants is influenced by varietal characteristics. Soybean plants reach their maximum height in the bean filling phase, while the tallest were the mid-ripening varieties Pallador –92,2 cm, Prescott –89,0 cm, and the mid-early - Sakuza –90,4 cm. The lowest height of soybean plants was recorded in early-ripening Tenor soybean varieties –77,1 cmand Diadema Podillya –73,6 cm. In the varieties Pallador, Prescot, Azimuth of the medium-ripening group, the height of the attachment of the lower bean was from 15 to16 cm. For these varieties, this is a positive indicator, which will reduce losses when harvesting with a combine harvester . Varieties Tenor, Satalia had a low bean attachment of 11–11,8 cm, both in favorable and unfavorable years of research. The height of plants of different varieties of soybeans in the phase of the 2nd trifoliate white leaf is almost the same. Differences in indicators are observed in the phase of the beginning of budding, the largest increase is during the flowering period - the filling of beans. Sakuza varieties stood out –86,6 cm, Pallador –96,1 cm, Prescott –81,4 cm.
Copyright (c) 2024 Scientific Reports of NULES of Ukraine
Change of available soil moisture reserves in agrocenoses of winter wheat in short rotation crop rotations
The article presents the results of changes in available soil moisture in winter wheat crops in four short-rotation crop rotations. The research was carried out during 2012-2021 at the experimental field of the Belotserki National Agrarian University of the Kyiv region. The soil of the experimental field is a typical chernozem with a low humus content of average loamy humus in the 0–30 cm soil layer of 3,7–3,9 %. Four short-rotation crop rotations were studied (sunflower saturation 10 %); cereal grain (sunflower saturation 20 %); specialized seedbed (sunflower saturation 30 %); rowing (sunflower saturation 40 %). It was established that the reserves of available moisture for the period of winter wheat sowing were the highest in the grain-row specialized crop rotation, where wheat was sown after buckwheat with 257,2 mm in the 0–150 cm layer, 78,5 mm in the 0–50 cm layer. In the crop rotation in the 0–150 cm layer, they were 204,3 mm, in the 0–50 cm and 50–100 cm layers 59,4 and 52.4 mm, which is 19,1 and 15.0 less than in the grain-row crop rotation mm. During the crop rotation, the reserves of available moisture for the harvesting period were 1372 m3/ha, grain-rowing – 1154 m3/ha, specialized grain-rowing and row-rowing – 1327 and 928 m3/ha, which affected the total moisture consumption. The highest consumption of available moisture was observed during row crop rotation - 4029 m3/ha, while during crop rotation the available moisture reserves were 4032 m3/ha. The coefficient of moisture consumption was the highest in specialized and row-row crops – 97,8 and 90,7 m3/t, respectively, while for crop rotation – 70,7, grain-row crops – 85,2 m3, which was less than row crops by 5,5 and 20 m3/t.
Biological activity of soy agrocenose soil depends on fertilizer systems and its processing
The purpose of the research was to identify the influence of mineral and organo-mineral fertilization systems during the main cultivation on changes in the biological activity of the arable layer of chernozem typical in the soybean agrocenosis of the five-field grain-row rotation of the Forest Steppe of Ukraine. The research was conducted during 2016–2020 on a typical deep low-humus chernozem of the Belotserkiv National Scientific Research Field. Three tillage systems were studied: differentiated, shelf-less and shallow, and three fertilization systems: without the use of fertilizers, organo-mineral and mineral. It was established that the highest biological activity of typical chernozem in soybean crops in May was recorded during shelf-less tillage. The most pronounced differentiation of the arable layer was observed during shallow tillage. The difference in the weight loss of the linen cloth in the upper and lower parts of one layer of typical chernozem was 2,7% for differentiated, 7,7% - shelf-less, and 8,5% - shallow tillage. The release of carbon dioxide from the soil in soybean agrocenosis in May is significantly higher than shelf-less tillage by 5,8%, shallow tillage without tillage by 2,7% compared to differentiated tillage. Under the mineral fertilization system, the release of CO2 by the soil increased by 16,7–18,8% compared to the option without the use of fertilizers.
Forestry and mensuration characteristics of pine stands in the recreation and health-improving forests in the Left Bank Steppe
The study of forestry and stand mensuration characteristics of pine stands in recreational and health-improving forests of the Left Bank Steppe was conducted based on forest management materials. The distribution of pine stands in the recreational and health-improving forests of the region by location, origin, forest types, age groups and classes, site classes, and relative density of stocking was analyzed. For pine stands within the forest areas of green belt) (sites where forest activities are permitted), indicators of the use of forest potential by modal pines were calculated to compare reference stands. It was found that the pine plantations in the recreational and health-improving forests of the region grow in an area of more than 83 thousand hectares. In terms of area, man-made pine stands significantly dominate, the share of which is 93.6 % of the total area, the rest of the area (6.4%) is occupied by pine forests of natural origin. The predominance of pine stands within green belt was revealed. Their proportion is 76.1 % of the total area, including the forestry zone - 59.7 % and the forest park zone – 16.4 %. The significant area of the investigated pine plantations (37% of the total area) is located in the conditions of a fresh oak-pine (mixed) forest on transitional, relatively poor soils (subor in Ukrainian). The most part of forest is middle-aged stands (59.3 % of the total forest area and 70.5 % of the total stock of wood). Moreover, pine forest of I (39,2 %) and II (31,1 %) site classes and 0.7–0.8 density dominated (73.5 %). The rate of utilization of the forest potential by modal pines within forest areas of green belt compared reference stands is relatively low and reaches 63 %.
Economic and energy evaluation of elements of coriander growing technology
In the modern market conditions of Ukraine, the basis of crop cultivation technologies is their economic efficiency. The purpose of the research was to study the economic and energy efficiency of growing coriander plants under the influence of the fertilization system and seed sowing rates. The following research methods were used: field, laboratory and statistical. It was established that the application of fertilizers at the rate of N90P40K80 against the background of the sowing rate of 2,5 million pcs./ha is the most profitable measure for the studied varieties – 250 %, the conditional net profit was UAH 22218,0/ha. Under the conditions of increasing the fertilizer rate to N135P60K120, the conditional net profit decreases to UAH 20215,0/ha. At the same time, the cost of 1 ton of seeds increases. If the rate of seed sowing is increased, economic indicators also tend to decrease. The highest energy yield (35532 MJ/ha) was recorded when using N90P40K80 mineral fertilizers and a seeding rate of 2,5 million units/ha, while the N45P20K40 fertilizer option with a seeding rate of 1,5 million units/ha was 1.8 times less. The highest energy consumption was observed when using mineral fertilizers in the rate of N135P60K120 when using the rate of sowing coriander seeds of 3,0 and 2,5 million units/ha. 21601 and 21529 MJ/ha, respectively. Cultivation of coriander is quite energy efficient, the coefficient of energy efficiency varied depending on the investigated factors within the range of 1,61−2,54.
Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific Reports of NULES of Ukraine
The productivity of coriander depends on agrotechnological measures
An integral indicator of the effectiveness of any agrotechnical of the event is the yield of agricultural crops. The purpose of the research was to determine the influence of seed sowing and fertilization rates on the features of plant growth and development and the formation of productivity of coriander agrocenoses. To determine the reliability and accuracy of experimental information, research methods were used: field, laboratory and statistical. It was established that the application of fertilizer at the rate of N90P40K80 and the rate of seed sowing of 2,5 million pieces/ha of coriander plants formed the largest number of umbrellas – 31,7 pieces/plant. The smallest number of umbrellas was found at the sowing rate of 1,5 million pcs./ha with fertilizer N45P20K40 (control). The number of fruits per plant varied between 215,2 and 339,5 fruits per plant. The largest number of fruits is formed when applying N135P60K120 with a seeding rate of 2,5 million pieces/ha, which was 339,5 pieces/plant. With the application of mineral fertilizers N45P20K40 (control) with a seeding rate of 1,5 million pcs./ha, the smallest number of fruits was formed – 215,2 pcs./plant. The mass of seeds from a plant acquired maximum values with fertilization in the norm of N135P60K120 and the norm of sowing seeds of 2,5 million pieces/ha – 1,68−2,13 g/plant. The minimum values were noted for application rates of N45P20K40 (control) and seed sowing rates of 3 million pieces/ha – 1,68–1,50 g. The highest yield of coriander seed was obtained against the background of N90P40K80 application for sowing rates of 2,5 million pieces/ha – 2,16 t/ha. With the application of fertilizers at the rate of N45P20K40, the yield in terms of seed sowing rates decreases and ranges from 1,16 to 1,84 t/ha.
Efficiency of fertilizer and seed sowing rate for plant height and leaf surface area of coriander
The purpose of the research was to find out the effectiveness of applying different rates of sowing seeds and fertilizers on the height of plants and the area of the leaf surface of coriander varieties Oxanit, Nectar and Karibe. To determine the reliability and accuracy of experimental information, research methods were used: field, laboratory and statistical. The research was conducted during 2013–2015 on the typical low-humus chernozem of the experimental field of the separate subdivision of the National Agricultural Research Service of Ukraine "Agronomic Research Station". Three varieties of coriander Oxanit, Nectar and Karibe, four rates of seed sowing of 1,5, 2,0, 2,5 and 3,0 million pieces/ha and three fertilization systems N45P20K40, N90P40K80, N135P60K120 were studied. It was established that the height of coriander plants varied depending on the studied factors within the range of 76,2-99,6 cm. Under the conditions of increasing the rate of fertilization, the height of plants had a natural tendency to increase. Application of fertilizers at the rate of N135P60K120 kg/ha contributed to the growth of coriander plants. The rate of sowing and the rate of application of mineral fertilizers have a significant influence on the dimensions of the leaf surface of the studied varieties. In all varieties, the largest size of the leaf surface was ensured by the sowing rate of 3,0 million pieces. ha for applying N135P60K120. When fertilizers were applied at the rate of N90P40K80, the leaf surface area was lower compared to the test variants with application of N135P60K120. The optimal rate of fertilizers for coriander varieties sown on chernozems with low humus of the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine is N135P60K120.
Essential oil content in coriander seeds depends on cultivation technology elements
An important feature of essential oil cultures is the uneven distribution of pharmacologically active substances and their localization in various organs and tissues of the plant organism. The purpose of the research was to reveal the influence of seed sowing rates and the mineral fertilization system on the content of essential oil and its collection in coriander seeds. To determine the reliability and accuracy of experimental information, research methods were used: field, laboratory and statistical. It was established that in the forest-steppe on typical low-humus chernozems, the content of essential oil in coriander seeds changes significantly under the influence of the studied rates of mineral fertilizers. An increase in the fertilizer rate increased its content by an average of 4,6–7,7 % by varieties and sowing rates. The highest content of essential oil in coriander fruits was found in Nectar and Oxanit varieties with the application of the highest rate of N135P60K120 fertilizers in the experiment – 2,20–2,29 % and 2,14–2,26 %, depending on the seed sowing rates. Under these conditions, the Karibe variety formed an essential oil content of 1,96–2,10 %. The use of fertilizers in the norms N90P40K80 and N135P60K120 ensures a high collection of essential oil – 22,1−26,7 kg/ha with the content of essential oil in the seeds at the level of 1.89−2,29 %, which exceeds the control by 1.3−5, respectively .3 kg/ha and 0,07−0,15 %. Further research should be focused on the study of different sowing rates and levels of mineral nutrition on the photosynthetic activity of coriander seed.
Field similarity of seeds and survival of coriander plants depending on fertilizer and sowing rate
The main indicator of the quality of the seed material is the laboratory seed germination, which affects the field, which, in turn, depends on the formation of the optimal plant stand density, which determines the final result - yield. Therefore, the study of field germination of seeds and survival of coriander plants is relevant. To determine the effectiveness of the researched options, the accuracy and reliability of experimental information, the leading methods of this research were: field, laboratory and statistical. The aim of the research was to identify the influence of the rate of seed sowing, fertilization and the characteristics of the morphobiotype of varieties on the field germination of seeds and the survival of coriander plants in the central forest-steppe of Ukraine. The research was conducted during 2013–2016 on the typical low-humus chernozem of the experimental field of the separate division of NUBiP of Ukraine "Agronomic Research Station". Three varieties of coriander Oxanit, Nectar and Karibe, four seed sowing rates of 1,5, 2,0, 2,5 and 3,0 million pieces/ha and three fertilization systems N45P20K40, N90P40K80, N135P60K120 were studied. It was established that increasing the rate of fertilizers causes a tendency to decrease field germination of seeds. With the introduction of the maximum rate of N135P60K120 fertilizers, the field germination of seeds decreased compared to the control variant N45P20K40 by 1,5–3,3 %, depending on the variety. With an increase in the rate of sowing seeds from 1,5 to 3,0 million units/ha, the field germination of coriander seeds partially decreased by 0,5–2,8%. With an increase in the sowing rate from 1,5 million pcs./ha to 3,0 million pcs./ha, the survival of coriander plants decreased from 1,4 to 5,6 % in the Oxanit variety, from 4,6 to 6,0 % in Nectar , Caribbean – 1,2–11 %. With the application of fertilizers in the norm N135P60K120 contributed to the growth and survival of coriander plants by 3,3–10,5 %.
The influence of the season on the realization of the reproductive capacity of rabbits of the poltavska silver breed
According to the results of the study of the indicators of the reproductive capacity of female rabbits of the Poltava silver breed (n=50) in the conditions of the rabbit farm of the Cherkassy Experimental Station of Bioresources of the National Academy of Sciences, the peculiarities of realizing the potential of the reproductive capacity of rabbits depending on the breeding season were established. The obtained data make it possible to assert that, despite keeping rabbits in a room with a regulated microclimate, the degree of realization of the index of reproductive ability of female rabbits of the silver breed largely depends on the breeding season. According to the results of the study, it was established that when comparing the average values of the fertility index, a probable predominance of the quantitative parameters of the investigated nests was registered in female rabbits in the spring and autumn periods - 7.1 heads, and the lowest - in winter (5.9 heads) (p<0.001). The average value of the indicator in the summer period was 6.9 goals. The results of the study of the nest mass indicator in different periods of the postnatal development of the young showed the existence of a difference in the average values depending on the season of the year. It was established that the minimum of this indicator of nest weight was registered in winter (350.4 g), and the maximum in autumn (434.9 g), in spring and summer - 432.4 g and 422.1 g, respectively, the difference when compared to the minimum value was revealed significant (p<0.001). A similar trend was observed throughout the study period. Juveniles obtained from spring and autumn feeding had the advantage in terms of indicators of changes in the live weight of the nest. The results of the study of the percentage of survival of the young during the period from birth to weaning showed that this indicator, depending on the season of the year, had a slight variability and was for the studied females: in winter - 94.9%, in spring - 93.0%, in summer - 92.9% and in autumn - 94.4%, which should be taken into account when planning work on reproduction of livestock.
Technology of production and processing of livestock products
Dynamics of green biomass and dry matter yield formation in esparcet as affected by elements of cultivation technology
Perennial legume crops are crucial for solving the problem of feed protein. In addition, due to the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen, they constitute the basis of biological farming in today’s agriculture. Among a number of perennial legume crops, esparcet deserves special attention, as it ensures a steady yield of green biomass. It is not highly demanding on soil fertility. Also, it is a good honey plant and medicinal crop. The article discusses the influence of the elements of cultivation technology on the yield of green biomass and dry matter in esparect. The highest yields of green biomass and dry matter of the biomass for 2 harvests were obtained for harvesting at the start of the budding stage at a sowing rate of 6 million seeds/ha, a row width of30 cm, and the application of fertiliser N30P60K90: 43.4 t/ha of green biomass and 11.0 t/ha of dry matter. We found that the influence of the studied factors was not the same. The highest yields were obtained at a sowing rate of 6 million seeds/ha, while an increase in the sowing rate to 7 million seeds/ha or a decrease to 5 million seeds/ha led to a decrease in yield. The lowest yields were recorded in a control treatment at a sowing rate of 5 million seeds/ha: 37.1 t/ha of green biomass and 8.1 t/ha of dry matter. The highest yields were obtained at a sowing rate of 6 million seeds/ha: 38.4 t/ha of green biomass and 8.7 t/ha of dry matter. An increase in the sowing rate to 7 million seeds/ha did not increase the yield, but led to a slight decrease in the yield of dry biomass and dry matter: 37.8 t/ha and 8.6 t/ha, respectively. The factor of fertilisation was less influent. When nitrogen was added to the phosphorus-potassium fertiliser N30P60K90, we recorded the highest yields: 43.4 t/ha of dry biomass and 11.0 t/ha of dry matter. With an increase in nitrogen rate to N45P60K90, the yield of green biomass remained at the same level; however, the yield of dry matter slightly decreased to 10.8 t/ha.
Productivity of leeks depending on the application of mineral fertilizers and soil biopreparation in the right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine
Providing consumers with high-quality vegetables and preserving soil fertility requires the rational use of fertilizers. Growing vegetable plants on drip irrigation significantly increases their yield, but requires additional research to determine the most effective fertilization. Combined mineral fertilization of leeks with soil biological preparation improves plant assimilation and the composition of the rhizosphere microbiota. The aim of this study is to identify effective combinations of leek fertilization for drip irrigation. The variants of the two-factor experiment were: factor A – soil biological preparation Groundfix and factor B – mineral fertilizers DripFert – N20Р20К20, N40Р10К10, N20Р20К20 +N10Р10К40, N40Р10К10 +N10Р10К40, control variant – without fertilization. Field, laboratory, and mathematical and statistical research methods were used to record data and analyze the results. After fertilizing with mineral fertilizers alone, the share of nitrogen-fixing bacteria was 11–19%, and combined with Groundfix it increased to 37–39%. According to the dynamics of leek leaf mass formation, the advantage of combined fertilization with mineral fertilizer and Groundfix was noted. Within factor B, the largest leaf area was after fertilizing with N20Р20К20 + N10Р10К40 – 19.12 ths. m2 per hectare. Factor A (Grandfix) accounts for 32% of leeks' marketable yield, and factor B (mineral fertilizer) for 60%, but the effect of their interaction is unreliable. Depending on mineral fertilizers, the yield was lower when using N20P20K20. and N40Р10К10. The maximum level of marketable yield was with the combined fertilization of Grandfix + N20Р20К20 + N10Р10К40 – 35.3 t/ha. The application of mineral fertilizer N10P10K40 has a positive effect on the content of sugars and ascorbic acid. Thus, to optimize the nutritional regime of leeks under drip irrigation, it is advisable to apply the soil biological preparation Groundfix and the mineral fertilizers N20Р20К20+N10Р10К40 combined. Intensive fertilization is a classic measure to increase the productivity of vegetable plants under irrigation.
A comprehensive overview of modern environmental management software
Effective environmental management is becoming increasingly important due to the anthropogenic impact on ecosystems and their components. Environmental Management Systems (EMS) are essential for heavy industries, helping to reduce the human footprint on the environment and optimize the use of natural resources. This paper examines various types of EMS, their characteristics, architecture, and computational models. Key functions of these systems include monitoring and data collection, data analysis and processing, compliance management, incident and deviation management, planning and goal setting, as well as communication and reporting. EMS address tasks related to environmental auditing, reporting, and managing environmental risks of production processes. Various systems on the market offer unique solutions for different industries. Successful implementation examples include companies like BASF and Valspar, which have saved significant resources by integrating EMS into their production processes. The conclusions highlight the importance of EMS for sustainable development and environmental safety, as well as the need for their continuous updating and adaptation to new challenges.
Research of the honey bactericidal action against Salmonella enterica
Salmonellosis is a registered gastrointestinal disorder in the EU caused by the consumption of foods contaminated with Salmonella enterica. Symptoms include gastroenteritis, abdominal cramps, bloody diarrhea, fever, myalgia, headache, nausea, and vomiting. The current direction of research is the search for ways and means of preventing salmonellosis, including the consumption of health products. Natural honey has broad bactericidal properties. The aim of the research was to establish the bactericidal effect of monofloral type of honey against Salmonella enterica. The materials were 26 samples of monofloral varieties of honey: rapeseed, acacia, linden, sunflower; and bacterial strains from the international collection of typical cultures of the Salmonella enterica serovar. Typhimurium CCM 3807. The botanical origin of the honey samples was established using melissopalynological analysis. The antibacterial effect was studied by testing the minimum bactericidal concentration of honey using the microdilution method, using the incubation of microplates with a nutrient medium and the application of a bacterial suspension. The botanical origin of the examined honey samples was established: 11 Helianthus, 10 Robinia, 3 Brassica, 2 Tilia. Of them, 12 samples of honey showed a bactericidal effect: 6 Helianthus, 3 Robinia, 1 Brassica, 2 Tilia. Only 1 sample of sunflower honey (No. 8) caused the death of bacteria at a low concentration of 0.118 g/ml. It didn't have a high level of monoflorality – 68% (Helianthus 68%, Medicago 18%, Trifolium 14%). Other samples of honey when diluted in low concentrations didn't show a bactericidal effect. At a concentration of 0.375 g/ml, 4 studied samples showed a bactericidal effect, including 2 sunflower (No. 5, 13), linden (No. 18) and rapeseed (No. 14). At a concentration of 0.750 g/ml, 7 tested samples showed a bactericidal effect, including 3 sunflower types (No. 20, 24, 25), 3 acacia (No. 4, 9, 15) and 1 linden types (No. 19).
Comparative analysis of yield potential of winter wheat hybrids of the new generation from the originator of the saaten-union gmbh group
This article presents the results of the yield potential of Huberi and Himalaya wheat hybrids based on field research. A comparison of hybrids was carried out according to valuable economic characteristics. Research on the Huberi hybrid was conducted in 2014-2016, and the Himalaya hybrid in 2020-2022. Phenological observations of winter wheat crops and resistance to the main pathogens and pests were conducted according to generally accepted methods. As a result of the conducted research, it was established that the hybrids formed higher productivity indicators, compared to the standard, had higher indicators of grain quality, as well as resistance to biotic and abiotic factors. The Huberi wheat hybrid exceeds the average yields in all agro-climatic zones and is characterized by high winter hardiness, resistance to lodging and shedding of grain, as well as other important characteristics. The hybrid of the new generation of Himalaya stands out not only for its highest yield among all tested hybrids, but also for its high grain quality. This hybrid makes it possible to obtain grain of the highest class (A) with a high protein content. For the Himalayan hybrid, high resistance against the most common pathogens and stressful conditions in all growing zones was noted. The conducted research allows us to determine the advantages and disadvantages of each hybrid, as well as to identify the possibilities of using new hybrids to increase the productivity of wheat.
Ascorbic acid and phenolic substances in fruit and berry unforced wines
Various fruit and berry raw materials are characterized by a high content of biologically active substances, in particular ascorbic acid and phenolic substances, the content of which in unfortified wine materials and wines has not been sufficiently studied. Ascorbic acid participates in oxidation-reduction processes as an antioxidant, supports the normal functional work of the main systems of the human body. Phenolic substances have antioxidant properties, biologically active substances included in their composition increase the therapeutic and preventive properties of wines. Unfortified fruit and berry wine materials suitable for the preparation of varietal and blended wines contain ascorbic acid and phenolic substances. The studied raw materials do not contain a sufficient amount of natural sugars, therefore, to ensure the necessary volume fraction of ethyl alcohol in wine materials, the calculated amount of sugar was added to the wort. In addition, the considered raw materials differ in the content of titrated acids. In particular, only some varieties of apples, cherries, strawberries, mulberries can be used for the preparation of unfortified wines with an optimal content of titrated acids. To prepare must, natural juices from pears were concentrated, and from black currants, gooseberries, gooseberries, and blackberries, on the contrary, they were diluted with water, which leads to a significant decrease in the content of ascorbic acid and phenolic substances in wine materials and wines. Reducing the content of titrated acids in the juices used for the preparation of wort, during the processing of berries with a high content of the latter, was brought to a level not higher than 9.5 g/dm3 in order to maximize the preservation of natural biologically active substances. Fermentation of must from black currants, gooseberries, gooseberries, blackberries is recommended to be carried out with berries, from cherries - with the addition of 10% of fruits with stones removed. From apples, strawberries, black mulberries and cherries, wort was prepared from natural juices. The wort was pasteurized at a temperature of 85ºС for 3 minutes (with the exception of pear worts), regenerated active dry yeast of the ES-1118 race was used for wort fermentation. The results of research on the content of ascorbic acid and phenolic substances in unfortified fruit and berry wine materials made from the fruits of apple, pear, blackberry, black mulberry, strawberry, cherry, gooseberry, joshta, black currant grown in the conditions of the Central Forest Steppe of Ukraine are presented in the article. It is important to remember to protect the human body from the adverse effects of the environment. Various fruit and berry raw materials are characterized by a high content of biologically active substances, in particular ascorbic acid (AA) and phenolic substances (PS), the content of which in unfortified wine materials and wines has not been sufficiently studied. Ascorbic acid (AA) participates in oxidation-reduction processes as an antioxidant, supports the normal functional work of the main systems of the human body. Phenolic substances (PS) have antioxidant properties, biologically active substances included in their composition increase the therapeutic and preventive properties of wines. Unfortified fruit and berry wine materials suitable for the preparation of varietal and blended wines contain AAK and PS. In particular, in apple wine with a 14.9% volume fraction of ethyl alcohol of natural fermentation, the mass concentration of AA is equal to 96 mg/dm3, PS - 620 mg/dm3; pear from concentrated juice, respectively 14.6, 102, 650; blackberry - 14.9, 132, 1800; black mulberry - 14.1, 230, 1850; strawberry - 14.1, 280, 1500; cherry - 16.5, 204, 2100; gooseberry – 14.9, 238, 1350; yoshta – 14.2, 370, 1320; blackcurrant - 14.5, 306, 2150. Unfortified fruit and berry wine materials in 100 cm3 contain from 13.7% to 52.8% of the daily need of an adult for ascorbic acid, in terms of FR content they are not inferior to grape wines, and unfortified fruit berry wines from them can be considered as products capable of protecting the human body from the adverse effects of the environment. Apple wines are characterized by optical characteristics close to table white grape wines, pear wines from concentrated juice go beyond the latter. Unfortified wine materials from blackberry, black mulberry, cherry, gooseberry, yoshta and black currant correspond to the characteristics of grape table red wines. According to the optical characteristics, unfortified wine materials from strawberries should be classified as pink wines.
unfortified fruit and berry wine materials
Application of etiolation of grape explants in vitro culture
Micropropagation of grapes is used to obtain original and certified planting material for planting mother plants. The decrease in the efficiency of microclonal reproduction is associated with difficulties at the stages of introducing explants into in vitro culture and rooting. The method of etiolation is simple to use and allows you to prevent phenolic oxidation of explants, has a positive effect on increasing the length of shoots and the number of roots. The purpose of the research was to determine the effectiveness of etiolation at the stages of introducing explants and rooting microcuttings in in vitro culture. The work was carried out in the laboratory of in vitro grape culture of the department of grape nursery, propagation and biotechnology of the National Scientific Centre «V.Ye. Tairov Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking» NAAS of Ukraine according to the generally accepted method on table, technical and grafted varieties of grapes. Etiolation was applied in two stages: introduction of initial grape explants into in vitro culture (for 7, 15, and 25 days) and rooting of grape microcuttings (for 7 and 15 days). The survival and proliferation of explants, the main biometric indicators of growth and development of microclones were determined. It was established that at the stage of introduction of initial explants of grapes into in vitro culture, the use of etiolation for 15 days, and at the stage of micropropagation - for 7 days, had a positive effect on rooting, proliferation of axillary buds and further development of explants and microcuttings. The height of the stem of the experimental microclones was 0.6-2.6 cm higher, and the number of leaves was 0.4-0.9 more than that of the control plants. Also, etiolation had a positive effect on the increase in the length and biomass of roots in microcuttings. In the future, it is planned to analyze changes in the in vitro reproduction coefficient of various grape varieties under the influence of etiolation.
Parametric optimization of frequency-controlled start-up of dynamic system "trolley-load" of tower crane trolley movement mechanism
In the scientific article, a scientific and applied problem is solved, which allows to minimize the dynamic and energy parameters of the frequency-controlled drive of the dynamic "cart-load" system of the tower crane flight change mechanism during the transient start-up mode. To solve this problem, the existing mathematical model of the change in the departure of the load was used, which was supplemented by a mathematical model of the motion of an asynchronous electric drive in time. The parameters for setting the frequency-controlled drive are used: the duration of the increase in the frequency of the supply voltage, the initial supply voltage of the electric motor and the type of characteristic of the increase, up to the nominal value, of the frequency of the supply voltage. The maximum values of the torque in the elastic coupling, the effort in the traction rope and the power in the electric drive were used as optimization criteria. Using the modified RING-ROT-PSO optimization method, the rational values of the given parameters and the type of characteristic are established, in which the minimization of the studied criteria is observed. A comparative analysis of discrepancies when varying different types of characteristics was performed, which proved the adequacy of the performed parametric optimization. Parametric optimization of the frequency-controlled electric drive was carried out, which made it possible to minimize the amount of undesirable dynamic (torque in the elastic coupling and force in the traction rope of the truck drive) and energy (power in the drive) characteristics of the dynamic "cart-load" system of the mechanism for changing the departure of the tower crane. A modified method of swarm particles (RING-ROT-PSO) was used for optimization. It was established that the minimum values of dynamic criteria when using optimal characteristics (linear and 2S-shaped) in the range of 6.9...27.9% are smaller than when using non-optimal (U-shaped and S-shaped) characteristics. The minimum value of the energy criterion when using a U-shaped characteristic is 30.4% less than when using an S-shaped characteristic. Therefore, in order to minimize the amount of unwanted dynamic indicators during the frequency-controlled start of the dynamic system "cart-load" of the departure change mechanism, it is desirable to use linear and 2S-like characteristics, and to minimize the amount of unwanted energy indicator, U-shaped. At the same time, it is also necessary to rationally set parameters t1 and U0.
Greenhouse gas emissions from municipal waste disposal sites and measures for its reduction
Disposal of household waste at landfills and dumps leads to greenhouse gas emissions. Usually emissions are estimated based on the IPCC methodology, which takes into account the amount and composition of household waste as well as the climate conditions of the region. However, greenhouse gas emissions are significantly influenced by the technical and operational parameters of landfills and dumps. The Ukrainian landfill gas model, which is adapted to local conditions, allows these parameters to be taken into account. The objective of this study was the estimation of greenhouse gas emissions from certain classes of landfills and dumps, taking into account their specific parameters based on the Ukrainian landfill gas model, as well as the development of measures for its reduction. For this, landfills and dumps were classified by area, which indirectly characterizes their capacity and place of location. Based on the results of the classification, it was determined that out of more than 7,000 landfills and dumps in Ukraine, about 320 are classified as large sites. These sites occupy more than a third of the total area of landfills and dumps in Ukraine and contain up to 84% of disposed household waste. Large landfills and dumps are a priority for greenhouse gas emissions study. According to the results of greenhouse gas emissions study, their total amount is estimated to be 5,833.5 thousand tСО2. These amount 32.9% less than similar estimates according to the IPCC methodology, which is explained by the higher accuracy of the Ukrainian landfill gas model and its parameters. Of the total amount of greenhouse emissions, up to 40% can potentially be reduced by the continued development of landfill gas collection systems, which actually reduced about 10% greenhouse gas emission in 2021. This potential can be increased by half and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions can potentially reach up to 60% of their total emissions from landfills and dumps. For this purpose, the rehabilitation of the landfills and dumps should be conducted along with the development of landfill gas collection systems. However, rehabilitation is a complex and expensive measure, and the rationale for its application may be the subject of further research.
Ecological structure of Dothideomycetes in the steppe ecosystems of the steppe zone of Ukraine
The article considers the ecological structure of the Dothideomycetes and the peculiarities of its formation in conditions of steppe ecosystems of the steppe zone of Ukraine. The materials of the work were the original mycological collecting carried out within the mycological survey of this territory during 2008-2020, sporadic collections of 2021 and 2023, as well as the materials of the herbarium of the M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany (KW). Herbarium collection and identification of the samples were performed in accordance with the generally accepted methods of cameral processing of xylotrophic, herbotrophic and coprothrophic micromycetes. As a result of our research, characteristic features of the ecological structure of the investigated mycobiota were established. According to the substrate specificity, among the species of Dothideomycetes found in the steppe communities, herbotrophs (74 species) dominate, xylotrophs (28 species), phyllotrophs (14) and coprophiles (7) are also represented. Phytotrophic species of micromycetes develops on 120 species of vascular plants, with the largest number of micromycetes (65 species) noted on plants of the Asteraceae. By trophic specialization, the vast majority of the considered species belong to saprotrophs (103 species), but there are also representatives of pleomorphic hemibiotrophs (20 species). Some hemibiotrophic species at the saprotrophic stage of the life cycle do not have a strict substrate limitation, just like obligate saprotrophs. Species of fungi are discussed. A comparison of the substrate specificity of the studied species of fungi showed that in arid sandy-steppe and sagebrush-steppe plant communities, a wider distribution of herbosaprotrophic species is observed in comparison with meadow-steppe communities. A comparative analysis of the species composition of Dothideomycetes in steppe and forest communities of the steppe zone revealed 13 general species, among which 10 species were found on different plant substrates. The most significant ecological and biological peculiarities of the investigated mycobiota in the conditions of steppe communities of the steppe zone of Ukraine are the formation of stable consortium relationships with a considerable variety of higher plants, zonal and seasonal change of the habitats as a adaptive mechanism for the settlement of the studied species of fungi. The prospect of further research is the study of changes in the species structure of micromycetes under the conditions of anthropogenic influence in the steppe ecosystems of the steppe zone of Ukraine.
Artificial neural networks for predicting the number of field crop pests
Every year, farms face the problem of ensuring the necessary development and growth of field crops due to the high probability of field crops being affected by certain types of pests. Pests can significantly impair the development of crops if their population is not controlled. This will reduce the harvest. To ensure a certain level of field crop production, it is necessary to take a series of measures to reduce the risk of harvest losses and optimize the costs of protecting plant growth. A key element of effective farmland management is the reliable prediction of the number of pests using artificial neural networks and their appropriate configuration. This approach will reduce harvest losses and preserve the ecosystem of a particular region. Reliable forecasting of pest numbers is guaranteed to create conditions for minimizing the cost of growing crops. However, machine learning can only be implemented if there are relevant results of monitoring the number of pests and the factors that influence changes. These factors include solar activity, temperature, and humidity. Such studies were conducted and samples were formed. Neural networks of different structures were used for forecasting, such as the radial basis function and the multilayer perceptron. The results of the forecasting show a sufficiently high accuracy, which will significantly improve production efficiency.
Improvement of genetic potential cultural form of eggplant due to hybridization with a line of interspecies origin
As a result of domestication, the created varieties and hybrids F1 of the cultivated form of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) are characterized by low genetic variability and unsatisfactory adaptive potential for a set of quantitative traits useful for breeding and therefore require a significant renewal of the genetic plasma due to interspecific hybridization with other representatives of the Solanum genus. The goal is to create, for adaptive breeding, the starting material of a cultured form of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) due to hybridization with a line of interspecies origin, derived from the fertile progeny of the hybrid F1(S. melongena / S. aethiopicum Gilo group). Methods: general scientific, measuring, weighting, variational statistics (calculation of root mean square deviation (σ), coefficient of variation (V)). Results. As a result of the hybridization of varieties and lines of the cultivated form of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) with the line of interspecific origin BC2[F5 (Pavlotas-20 / Almaz variety)], the hybrid progeny F2 and the inbred progeny I1, derived from the hybrids F1, which according to the levels of manifestation quantitative traits valuable for breeding had a steady tendency to exceed the standard Almaz variety. The hybrid F2(BiboF8 / ВС2[F5(Pavlotas-20 / Almaz variety)]) (Xmed = 1101.8 g/plant) was highly productive. The high level of manifestation of the traits “number of fruits per plant” (Xmed = 5.56 pcs.) and “average weight of the fruit” (Xmed = 263.1 g) was noted by the hybrid F2(ВС2[F5(Pavlotas-20 / Almaz variety)] / BiboF8). Compared to the standard variety, the same F2 hybrid showed trait of early ripeness (by 2 days) in terms of the duration of the period from the appearance of mass seedlings to the technical ripeness of the fruits. In the studied sample of different eggplant progeny, those in which the coefficient of variation (V) did not exceed the limit of 33.33% already in the second year of breeding, which, according to the theory of statistical analysis, is a criterion of genetic stabilization of the corresponding quantitative trait at the level of the varietal population of plants. According to this criterion, samples F1 (Aisberh variety / ВС2[F5(Pavlotas-20 / Almaz variety)])I1 and F1(ВС2[F5(Pavlotas-20 / Almaz variety)] / BiboF8)I1, according to the trait “average fruit weight” – F2(Long Violet / ВС2[F5(Pavlotas-20 / Almaz variety)]), according to the trait “productivity of one plant” – F1(ВС2[F5(Pavlotas-20 / Almaz variety)] / BiboF8)I1. Discussion. Valuable genetic sources obtained on an interspecies basis will be involved in the breeding process of creating highly adaptive varieties and F1 hybrids of eggplant, suitable for organic growing technologies due to high abiotic resistance and the presence of genes for resistance to fungal diseases (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melongenae, Ralstonia solanacearum).
eggplant species Solanum aethiopicum Gilo group
Inheritance of resistance against Fusarium graminearum schwabe in F1 of Triticum aestivum L.
Triticum aestivum L. is one of the most important cereal food crops, but its production is limited by numerous biotic and abiotic factors. The leading role in the pathogenesis is played by representatives of the genus Fusarium Link, which are characterized by a wide range and occupy different ecological niches. Studies on resistance to Fusarium graminearum are rare today, and the mechanisms of heritability of the trait in hybrid organisms, depending on the original forms, including the sources of resistance created in previous years, remain insufficiently studied. Therefore, it is relevant to determine the nature of inheritance of resistance against the pathogen Fusarium graminearum Schwabe (F. graminearum) in hybrids F1. Triticum aestivum L. The aim of the research is to create infectious material and background of the pathogen and phenotypes analysis of F1 hybrids of winter bread wheat for resistance to pathogen F. graminearum. Experiments on the analysis of wheat genotypes F1, for resistance to F. graminearum were established in field infectious and natural nurseries of the V.M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine (MIW) in the Winter Wheat Breeding Laboratory during 2021-2023. 22 hybrid combinations F1, created in 2020-2022 served as the material for the research. Sources of resistance (MV 20-88 / Smuglyanka, BILINMEVEN-49 / Natalka, Donskoy Prostor / Slavna, Myronivska rannostyhla / Catalon and (Mikon / ALMA) /Legenda Myronivska) against F. graminearum of bread winter wheat and new local breeding varieties (MIP Knyazhna, MIP Fortuna, MIP Vyshyvanka, Aurora Myronivska, Podolyanka) as a result of direct and reverse crosses of soft winter wheat varieties of the MIW winter wheat breeding laboratory. Seeds of hybrids were sown manually, according to the scheme: maternal form, hybrid, paternal form (pollinator). The ears were threshed manually. To maximize the implementation of the program, a sparse sowing method was used: the distance between plants in a row was up to 5 cm, between rows - 15-30 cm. Phytopathological analysis of grain samples in the laboratory was used to isolate pathogens of the genus Fusarium into pure culture. The studied grain of hybrid populations was sterilized superficially by passing it over an alcohol flame and soaking in Domestos solution. The sterile grain was plated in Petri dishes on potato glucose agar (PGA) medium, ten seeds per ten dishes (100 seeds). Isolates were examined for 5-7 days, recording the presence or absence of microconidia. The final identification of pathogens was carried out by microscopic examination, taking into account morphological features, the presence or absence of chlamydospores. As a result of the studies, the most aggressive isolates of the fungal pathogen F. graminearum were isolated for the development of inoculum and the creation of an artificial infectious background in the field. As you know, the development of winter wheat diseases is largely influenced by weather conditions, namely the sum of effective air temperatures and precipitation. In 2021, during the spring-summer wheat growing season, the average monthly temperatures were higher than long-term data in March and June by 1.0 and 1.5°C, respectively, and in April and May, there was a decrease in air temperature compared to long-term data (-1.4, -0.8, respectively).The hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) for May, June, July of this year corresponded to 3.1, 2.7, 2.6, waterlogging contributed to the manifestation and intensity of the development of the pathogen of Fusarium head blight. In 2022, the spring-summer growing season of wheat was characterized by sufficient moisture, although the amount of precipitation was 7-30 mm below the long-term average, with 349% of the long-term average precipitation falling in April alone. In terms of moisture availability, the reporting year was classified as a year with a mild drought (HTC = 0.9). In April 2023, excessive moisture supply was noted, the excess of precipitation from the norm was 40.0 mm, and later during the period from May to June, a rather acute precipitation deficit was noted, especially in May - only 21.0 mm (the average long-term figure was 51.4 mm). The spring (April - June) period was not conducive to the development of the pathogen Fusarium head blight. Accordingly, the level of HTC was low: April - 0.89, May - 0.46, June - 0.67, and the intensity of damage by the pathogen of Fusarium head blight reached from 1.0 to 10.4% on an artificially infected background, and 1.0 to 3.1% on a natural background, which indicates a slight damage to winter wheat plants. According to the results of the evaluation of F1 22 hybrid combinations established different degrees of phenotypic dominance, which determined the type of inheritance of traits, which in turn depended on parental components and weather conditions. The analysis of the results of the assessment of the degree of phenotypic dominance, inherited resistance to Fusarium graminearum in F1 hybrids of winter wheat from parental forms indicates that within this population the inheritance occurs according to the spectrum of types: heterosis (H), partially positive dominance (PPD), intermediate inheritance (II), partially negative inheritance (PNI) and negative superdominance (D). Based on the degree of phenotypic dominance in 2021, it was found that among the hybrid combinations F1 13.63 % showed superdominance (H) against Fusarium graminearum. The highest heterosis was observed in three hybrid combinations: MIP Knyazhna / (Donskoy Prostor / Slavna) (hp = 2.4), MIP Vyshyvanka / (BILINMEVEN-49 / Natalka) (hp = 2.1), [(Mikon / ALMA) / Legenda Myronivska] / Podolyanka (hp = 1.3). Partial positive dominance (PPD) was found in 36.37% of hybrid combinations, it is worth noting the reciprocal combinations MIP Knyazhna ↔ (MV 20-88 / Smuglyanka) (hp = 0.6, 0.9, respectively) and MIP Vyshyvanka ↔ [(Mikon / ALMA) / Legenda Myronivska] (hp = 0.6, 0.7, respectively). And also in direct crosses - (Donskoy Prostor / Slavna) / MIP Vyshyvanka (hp = 0.9), MIP Knyazhna / (Mironovska rannostyhla / CATALON) (hp = 0.6) and others. The intermediate inheritance of the trait (II) was found in 13.63 % of hybrids, and depression (D) - 36.37 %. In 2022, on the basis of resistance to the pathogen Fusarium head blight, heterosis was established in 31.81% of hybrid combinations F1. When the donor of resistance against Fusarium graminearum - Donskoy Prostor / Slavna - was involved in the crossing, heterosis was observed in hybrid combinations: (Donskoy Prostor / Slavna) / MIP Knyazhna (hp = 2.6), (Donskoy Prostor / Slavna) / MIP Vyshyvanka (hp = 2.1), Podolyanka / (Donskoy Prostor / Slavna (hp = 1.4).The reciprocal hybrid combination MIP Fortuna ↔ (Donskoy Prostor / Slavna) had a high level of positive dominance (hp = 1.3; 1.6, respectively), partial positive dominance (PPD) of the trait was found in 18.19 % of hybrids, intermediate inheritance - 45.46 %, depression (D) - 4.54 %. In 2023, according to the degree of phenotypic dominance, hybrid combinations were distributed as follows: 22.73 % showed heterosis, 27.28 % - partially positive overdominance, 40.91 % - intermediate inheritance, 4.54 % - partial negative inheritance, 4.54 % - depression. Heterosis was revealed in hybrid combinations: MIP Knyazhna / (MV 20-88 / Smuglyanka) (hp = 6.0), MIP Vyshyvanka / (BILINMEVEN-49 / Natalka) (hp = 2.7), (Donskoy prostor / Slavna) / MIP Knyazhna (hp = 2.4), [(Mikon / ALMA) / Legenda Myronivska] / Podolyanka (hp = 2.2) and (Donskoy prostor / Slavna) / MIP Vyshyvanka (hp = 1.6). Partially positive dominance was found in the reciprocal hybrid combination Podolyanka ↔ (Donskoy Prostor / Slavna) (hp = 0.9; 0.6), in which the source of resistance to Fusarium head blight - Donskoy Prostor / Slavna - was involved in the cross. For effective breeding work on the development of resistant genotypes against Fusarium graminearum, hybrid combinations with overdominance (heterosis) were of the greatest value. For the period 2021-2023, a high degree of dominance was found in 13.6% of hybrid combinations: MIP Vyshyvanka / (BILINMEVEN-49 / Natalka) (2.1 (ND), 1.2 (ND), 2.7 (ND), respectively), (Donskoy Prostor / Slavna) / MIP Vyshyvanka (0.9 (ND), 2.1 (ND), 1.6 (ND), respectively), [(Mikon / ALMA) / Legenda Myronivska] / Podolyanka (1.3 (ND), 0.4 (PU) 2,2 (ND), respectively) with the involvement of winter wheat varieties Podolyanka and MIP Vyshyvanka and donors of resistance against Fusarium pathogen (BILINMEVEN-49 / Natalka), (Donskoy Prostor / Slavna), [(Mikon / ALMA) / Legenda Myronivska].
Productivity of turkeys at different ratios of lysine and methionine in compound feed
The article examines the effect of using complete ration compound feed with different ratios of lysine and methionine on the productivity of turkeys. Experimental studies were performed on turkeys of the BIG 6 cross-breeding meat direction. Five experimental groups of birds were formed by the method of analog groups at the age of one day. The experiment lasted 126 days and was divided into two periods: comparative (7 days) and main (119 days). During the comparative period, the experimental turkeys consumed feed of the control group. In the main period of the experiment, the proportion of methionine relative to lysine decreased or increased by 5 or 10% according to growing periods. It was established that the different ratio of lysine and methionine in compound feed for turkeys affects its productivity in different ways. In particular, at the end of the experiment, at the age of 126 days, the highest live weight was achieved by turkeys that consumed compound feed with an increase in the proportion of methionine relative to lysine by 5 and 10% - they outnumbered the counterparts of the control group, respectively, by 5.9 (p<0.05) and 3.6%. Poultry that received compound feed with a reduced proportion of methionine relative to lysine by 10 and 5% were inferior to control peers by 4.4 (p<0.05) and 2.2%, respectively, according to the mentioned indicator. The description of the growth of turkeys using mathematical methods confirmed the S-shaped ascending shape of the growth curve with high coefficients of determination for each experimental group. It was found that in almost all periods of the experiment, turkeys that consumed compound feed with a higher level of methionine relative to lysine prevailed in terms of average daily live weight gains of their counterparts fed compound feed with a lower proportion of methionine relative to lysine. In general, turkeys that consumed compound feed with an increase in the proportion of methionine relative to lysine by 5 and 10% were characterized by higher average daily live weight gains - it exceeded the control analogues by the mentioned indicator by an average of 4.6 and 2.2%, respectively. Turkeys that received combined feed with a reduced proportion of methionine relative to lysine by 10 and 5% were inferior to peers of the 1st group by 4.3 and 2.1%, respectively. It was established that the relationship between the ratio of lysine and methionine in compound feed for young turkeys and its average daily weight gain is described by a polynomial line with a reliable approximation coefficient R2=1. At the same time, the correlation analysis showed that there is a direct average relationship between these phenomena (rs =0.64, p˂0.05).
Analytics of algorithm for control of technical condition parameters of on-board system of grain harvester based on processing of fast-changing values
Phytosanitary state of walnut (Juglans regia L.) in the green plantings of the Dnipro сity
Walnut is a promising element of the greening system of the Ukraine urbanized landscapes due to its resistance to environmental pollution, durability, fast growth, fruit qualities, etc. The aesthetic value and health-improving functions of Juglans regia trees in the city can be significantly weakened due to the destruction of the leaves by arthropod phyllophages and diseases. In the presented work, an analysis of the phytosanitary status of J. regia trees in green areas of Dnipro was carried out, the main leaf diseases were determined, a complex of insects and mites – phyllobionts of walnut trees, was established, and the level of their harmfulness was assessed. The research was conducted during the growing season of 2021 once a decade on 12 experimental sites, which differed in the conditions growth of J. regia trees growth. The study object was the walnut leaves and unripe fruits. 75 J. regia trees were examined. On average the damage degree to J. regia trees leaves by diseases is 46.9 %. The damage level by brown spot is 8.3 times higher than the similar indicator for white mould. The influence of anthracnose causative agent (Marssonina juglandis) often extends to walnut green fruits. The overall level of leaf damage by arthropod phyllophagous is 79.6 %. Among the types of damage are dominate the change in the leaves color due to sucking insects feeding (58.5 %) and gall-formation (53.8 %) as a result of the gall mites (Aceria erinea, A. tristriata) vital activity. The walnut arthropod phyllobionts taxonomic composition in the green areas of Dnipro city was determined. 16 species in 11 families and 4 orders were identified. The share of Hemiptera is 62.5 %, Lepidoptera – 18.8 %, Trombidiformes – 12.5 %, Thysanoptera – 6.2 %. Six species of entomophages were also identified. Two especially dangerous invasive species – Metcalfa pruinosa and Halyomorpha halys, were found on J. regia trees in some plots of the Dnipro city right bank territory. The most common and harmful species are the following: Aceria erinea, A. tristriata, Panaphis juglandis, Caloptilia roscipennella; potentially threatening – Halyomorpha halys, Metcalfa pruinosa.
Features of the manifestation of biometric indicators in varieties and breeding lines of winter bread wheat at spring renewal of vegetation date in the Forest Steppe of Ukraine
The growth, development, and yield formation of winter bread wheat depends on renewal of vegetation date (RVD). This is one of the environmental factors most affecting the production process of plants. Purpose. To identify the peculiarities of the manifestation of biometric indicators in the genotypes of winter bread wheat at renewal of spring vegetation date in the conditions of the central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods: field, laboratory, statistical. Results. It was established that biocenosis formation of winter wheat at renewal of spring vegetation date significantly depended on growing conditions, sowing date, genotype and their interaction. Weather conditions were the dominant (25.2÷69.5%) significant for the influence. It was determined that after renewal of spring vegetation the influence of genotype (its ability to intensive growth and adequate response to changes in environmental conditions) and its interaction with the growing season conditions on all biometric indicators significantly increased. It was noted that under favorable hydrothermal regime, the level of realization of plant potential was maximum, while under conditions of soil and air drought it was minimum. This must be taken into account in breeding process, study of the source material, and selection of genotypes with specified parameters. The breeding line LUT 55198 had the highest biomass on average according to the experiment, which at the RVD formed phytocenosis with stem number per plant 2.60 pcs, leaf number per plant 7.74 pcs, plant height 16.51 cm, and plant weight 0.80 g. The level of variability in plant height was moderate (Cv = 14.08%) and for leave number, stem number, and plant weight it was significant (Cv = 18.39%; Cv = 21.54% and Cv = 29.89%, respectively).
Efficiency of application of soil herbicides on sunflower crops
The selection of the optimal scheme for the protection of sunflower crops is always relevant, since the protection of crops from weeds is very important and has a direct impact on the productivity of the crop. The goal is to determine the effect of soil herbicides on weediness of sunflower crops. Determining the effectiveness of various options for herbicide protection. Applied materials and methods: field experiment, laboratory, analysis, processing and generalization of data. The results of the application of different options of herbicide protection on the yield of sunflower of the right-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine are presented. It was determined that the experimental plots had a small-year type of weeding and an average degree of weeding. Among chemical protection, the best efficiency was recorded when using the soil herbicide Challenge at the rate of 5 l/ha, the efficiency compared to the control was 86.7%. It is worth noting that the efficiency of the reference herbicide Primekstra TZ Gold at the rate of 4.5 l/ha was 69.7%. The level of destruction of segetal vegetation on other variants of herbicide use ranged from 65.8% to 78.9% 14 days after application. The use of the drug Challenge at the rate of 2.5 l/ha in combination with Prometrex, Racer and Aspect Pro showed average efficiency and ranged from (61.0 to 55.3%). A decrease in the application rate of the drug Challenge - 2.5 l/ha in tank mixtures led to the growth of dicotyledonous weeds. It was established that the highest yield of 3.8 t/ha has the option of using the soil herbicide Challenge with a rate of 5.0 l/ha. In comparison with the control, an increase of 0.6 t/ha is recorded. A significantly lower level of sunflower productivity was obtained with the introduction of tank mixes Prometrex - 1.5 l/ha + Aspect Pro - 2.0 l/ha and Racer - 1.5 l/ha + Aspect Pro - 2.0 l/ha. A promising direction for further research is the study of the impact of herbicide protection on sunflower productivity and the effectiveness of segetal vegetation.