Collection of biomass for biogas plants using big data technology

Abstract

The automatic control of the position of the reaper and the height of cutting of plants of biomass should be ensured on the basis of adherence to the deficit-free balance of humus.

The purpose of the study is to develop methodological bases for determining the operating modes and cutting height of biomass plants using unmanned combines using the "Big Data" technology.

The process of planning the content and timing of biomass harvesting is divided into several stages, namely: the formation of an electronic map of the area, yields of potatoes and cartoons of the deficit-free humus balance, and on this basis the definition for each field of the field of the operating modes of the harvesting technique regarding the height of cutting of plants of biomass.

Significant role in solving this problem is played by specialized geographic information systems (GIS) that take into account both spatial binding and special information on the volumes of crops and cartoons of the deficit-free humus balance. In addition, in order to solve the problems of analyzing, forecasting and optimizing the reaper control, geographic information systems should include digital slopes with a terrain model and slope exposures, location of power lines and other stationary obstacles on the way to the unmanned combine.

Investigation of the influence of the nitrogen supply state on the spectral indices of the winter wheat of the Limarivna variety was carried out in the phase of the output of the tube.

Options for debugging a digital camera in research: Exposure Time when shooting in the optical range - 0,00069 s (FC200); Exposure Time when shooting with an IR lens - 0.00252 (GoPro); Aperture Value - 2.8; Light Source - Fine Weather. To level the possibility of falling into the frame of other objects, in addition to the leaves of plants, carried out "withdrawal" of results, which differed from the average value by more than 10%.

In calculating the data, it was established that due to the removal of plots caused by soil and other random objects, the intensity of the components of the color did not change by more than 3 units.

When the amount of nitrogen is approached in plants to the optimum value, the intensity of the component colors in the optical range is reduced, and with the use of the IR lens - on the contrary, increases. The most common indices, such as NDVI, are based on the fact that in certain ranges, the maximum absorption or reflection of radiation occurs.

Investigations for spreading crops were carried out on corn crops (hybrid Pioneer P 8816) in the 4-6 leaf phase and in the phase of 8-10 leaves. The shooting was done using optical and infra-red lenses.

On the basis of the information obtained on laboratory analysis of soils, data on the nitrogen values of plants from UAVs and using GIS for each plot area, cartograms of the deficit-free humus balance are created which is the basis for the automatic control of the height of the biomass mowing, the transverse inclination of the reaper and its regime of pressure on the soil. The high sensitivity of the blade knife to the field relief and the observance of the cut height (even at 4 cm) is provided by sensors that allow the programmed height of the cut to be maintained. Depending on the width of the pickup, the maximum number of sensors is three units (in the harvester models 630R and 635R with a working width of grab 9,15 and 10,7 m, respectively). The Claas Clause with the Contour system automatically copies the field relief along the direction of the unit. Auto Contour also provides automatic copying of the irregularities transversely to the combine's motion. Multi Contour with automatic adjustment of the transverse and longitudinal inclination of the header also provides automatic adjustment of the angle of mowing.

Based on the information received from the UAV, laboratory analysis of soils and using GIS, for each field segment, cartograms of a honey-free balance are created, which is the basis for automatically controlling the height of mowing of biomass. To prevent mechanical damage to the combine harvester, it is necessary to use a control system that automatically controls the position of the combine (vertical and / or horizontal) with the use of information from the drone, the receiver of the GPS navigation system, GPS trackers and ground level sensors, ie the technology "Big Date».