Scientific journal «International Journal of Philology»
ISSN 2706-9745 (Online), ISSN 2706-9737 (Print) International Journal of Philology International Journal of Philology (IJP) is a research journal known before the re-branding as the NUBiP Ukraine Scientific Bulletin, Series of Philological Sciences (Series), established by National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine in 1997 and registered with the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, as set out in Ordinance # 409 as of 17 March 2020, Category B. Aim and scope of IJP: - Pedagogical Sciences - Philology Specialties: - 011 – Educational, Pedagogical Sciences - 035 - Philology Frequency of Publication: 4 times per year, 100 hard copy counterparts . Languages: Ukrainian, English, and Polish. Editorial Registered Address: 15 Heroyiv Oborony Street, Kyiv 03041, UKRAINE Phone: +38 044 527 80 83 Email: filolog.nubip@gmail.com Aims and Scope International Journal of Philology is a peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary and open access journal that publishes results of theoretical and empirical research on current issues in contemporary linguistics and pedagogy. It aims to disseminate high value knowledge in Ukraine and across the globe by providing authors with recognition and high visibility, and, thus, accepts for publication research and review papers, book reviews, chronicles of scientific events, etc. International Journal of Philology considers exclusively original works in the following sections and broad topical areas: Theory of language, grammar, semantics, terminology, word-formation, dialectology, Discourse studies, discourse analysis, hermeneutics, Applied linguistics and psycholinguistics, Comparative and typological study of languages, Ethnolinguistics, linguoculturology, multiculturalism, and multilingualism, Sociolinguistics and social communication, Cognitive linguistics and linguosynergetics, Comparative studies, Translation studies, Ukrainian and world literature, literature theories, psychoanalysis of artistic works. Theory and methodology of teaching foreign languages, Education development and innovations inside and outside Ukraine. Once the Editorial decision is made and the paper is approved for publication, it is the Editors of the journal that ensure DOI be assigned to each relevant paper. Indexed in: Polska Bibliografia Naukowa, Bielefeld Academic Search Engine, Research Bible, Leibniz Information Centre for LifeSciences, Google Академія, Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung,Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, Electronic Journals Library, Journalindex.net. Impact Factor in Index Copernicus and Global Impact Factor Editor-in-Chief: Vasyl Shynkaruk, Doctor of Philology, Full Professor. Deputy Editor-in-Chief: Svitlana Kharchenko, Doctor of Philology, Full Professor. Managing Editor: Olena Syrotina, PhD in Pedagogy, Associate Professor.
National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
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Names of Residents of Renamed Ukrainian Cities: Creation and Use
The article investigates the peculiarities of creation and use of names of inhabitants of settlements that appeared in the Ukrainian onomasticon as a result of decommunization. The factors that influence the choice of a catoikonim are identified. It has been found that when creating catoeconomies, their characteristic for the Ukrainian literary language, the manifestation of national specificity in them is decisive; the choice of the formant also depends on the structure of the toponym. The most active suffix used to form the names of the inhabitants of the renamed settlements is identified. Most of the catoeconomies of the analyzed place names are formed by attaching the suffix -ець to the base of the place name, which is a specific formant for the Ukrainian language with a long history of functioning. The expediency and conditions of its use are substantiated, and the forms of catoeconomies formed with it are presented. Less active in the studied derivatives is the suffix --анин (-янин), an ancient affix that originated in the Proto-Slavic period. From the fourteenth to the mid-twentieth century its productivity was one of the highest, since the end of the twentieth century there has been a decrease in its activity, today cato-conjunctions with - анин are more typical of colloquial speech than of literary speech. Therefore, the use of this suffix is not active in the names of residents that are now formed from new (renamed) settlements. At the present stage, the suffix -чанин is of limited use, as it expanded in the twentieth century as a result of attempts to make the Ukrainian language similar to Russian in word formation. Therefore, in the new catoeconomies, this suffix is used only in those cases where it is the only one, without variants from the point of view of modern word formation. Attention is drawn to the peculiarities of the normative use of the newly formed catoeconomies, in particular spelling and declension. The analysis of the names of the inhabitants of other renamed settlements of Ukraine in this aspect is identified as a promising area for further research.
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Visual metaphors in advertising: A cognitive-pragmatic interface
The article focuses on the analysis of the visual metaphors in advertising from a cognitive-pragmatic perspective using the method of conceptual blending theory, tools of inferential pragmatics, and visual design grammar. The aim of the article is to identify the cognitive-pragmatic interface of visual metaphor presented in commercial advertising of modern transnational brands from the point of view of metaphorical explicatures, implicatures in their connection with the stages and procedures of reconstructing the metaphorical meaning. It is found that visual metaphors are represented by three main types – juxtaposition, fusion, and replacement, which differ in the level of their explicitness depending on the representation of the source and target of the metaphor in the visual plane of advertising, their merging into one gestalt, or the absence of visualization of input spaces. In metaphors of juxtaposition and fusion types, the restoration and/or detailing of the source and target are carried out at the level of explicatures, establishing a connection between the presented objects. At the implicature level, information about the product characteristics, which are the goal of specific visual advertising, is restored, forming secondary signified – connotations (power, fantasy, stability) intended to create stable associations with the brand and its products. In the case of replacement, implicatures restore both the source and the target spaces, as well as the secondary signified. In all types of metaphors, implicature about the secondary signified is triggered by a violation of the maxim of quality of information through visual metaphorical means, combined with deviations from other maxims as the metaphor becomes more complex. The implicature is restored in the blend of the metaphor as a result of selecting attributes of the generic space with their refinement as the blend develops and elaborates, relying on verbal anchors and background information about the brand and its products.
English Borrowings in the Modern Ukrainian Terminology of Biotechnology
The article deals with the phenomenon of English borrowings in the field of biotechnology in modern Ukrainian terminology. The object of the study is English borrowed biotechnological terminological units selected from specialized dictionaries, scientific works on biotechnology and Internet sites devoted to the creation and production of new modified organisms and products. The study identifies the main trends and motivational factors that determine the process of introducing English borrowings into the modern Ukrainian biotechnology terminology. The key motivations for borrowing English terms in the field of biotechnology include the lack of equivalents in the native language, the need to differentiate between concepts, specialization, and socio-psychological factors that affect the prestige of foreign words. The article also examines the structural aspects of English lexical borrowings in the field of biotechnology, including simple and derived terms, as well as composites. The article emphasizes the widespread use of English borrowed multicomponent terms of the biotechnology industry in the Ukrainian language, which indicates a tendency to detail and clarify objects in scientific discourse. The analysis of lexical borrowings in the field of biotechnology shows the dynamic development of terminology in the Ukrainian language, as well as the influence of English on this process. This is an important aspect for scientific communication and further development of modern technologies.
Environmental Media Literacy in the Conditions of Sustainable Development
Introduction. In the modern world, everything changes rapidly, and changes, worsening the natural balance between used and reproduced, which has become the cause of catastrophic environmental degradation on the scale of the biosphere, as well as a threat to the environment and human health. Thinking about ways to overcome this crisis and eliminate (or reduce pressure) threats has led the world to the concept of sustainable development, which, among other things, relies on environmental literacy. Methods. A number of general scientific and linguistic methods were used in the research. In particular, the methods of analysis, synthesis, deduction and induction, discourse analysis, and the descriptive method are used to substantiate the theoretical base of the research and generalize own observations. The terminological analysis is applied to the consideration of the concepts of "ecological literacy", "ecological media literacy", "ecomedia literacy". Results and discussion. Discourse analysis gave reasons to conclude that the concepts of "literacy" and "environmental literacy" have evolved significantly over the last century. It is emphasized that in the context of sustainable development, environmental literacy is a key concept for shaping and correcting the behavior of each individual in order to consciously respond to environmental challenges in the modern world. Environmental literacy is interpreted as a concept that is the basis for future conscious, responsible perception of the environment, decision-making and taking actions to restore balance in the living environment, as well as knowledge, skills and motivation to prevent new environmental threats. This interpretation is based on the ideology of sustainable development. Awareness of ecological problems and care for the environment for its preservation and restoration is a modern global strategy for the development of mankind. The components of environmental literacy are proposed. It is noted that environmental literacy is based on the concept of environmental protection through awareness. The role of the media in solving environmental threats is traced. On the example of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, the article shows the formation of environmental literacy through the content of the disciplines of the specialty "Journalism".
Grammatical Categories of the Noun: Approaches to Teaching a Foreign Language Audience (Elementary Level)
In accordance with the Standardized requirements for A1–C2 levels of proficiency in Ukrainian as a foreign language it is enough for foreigners to understand some language features of the Ukrainian language at the elementary level to realize the communication needs clearly defined by the same requirements. It is not required to know the rules of full word-inflection or word-formation paradigms for this level, so the study of grammar is fragmented and should provide simple, brief and thematically limited everyday communication. This is the reason for the relevance of this article, which formulates the main theoretical and methodological principles for teaching grammatical categories of the noun (case, gender, number) to a foreign audience at A1 level. Analyzing the meanings conveyed by the respective case forms (e.g, nomination of the subject or addressee, designation of number, direction, place, time, means of action, signs of the subject, age, etc.), a system of rules for their consolidation is proposed, which is presented in the form of tables and diagrams. The communicative themes within which certain grammatical categories can be studied are identified, and the vocabulary can be used to illustrate and consolidate the material studied. The following approach to the structure of the training material is proposed: topic or subtopic («Family», «Leisure», «Study», «Home, accommodation», etc.) – communicative intention (to answer a question, introduce oneself, inform, confirm or deny information) – lexical minimum – grammatical categories (appropriate case forms of nouns). This will be the basis for developing exercises and composing texts to develop reading, listening, speaking and writing skills. In addition, this approach allows realizing the basic principles of communicative-oriented teaching of a language as a foreign language, which at the initial level is also associated with the formation of grammatical competence.
Developing Capacity of Case Lecture in Higher Education: Problematicity, Interactivity, Heuristics
The article is devoted to the case lecture substantiation and its elaboration as the lecture method of instruction as well as technique of interactive learning in modern higher education. The empirical research result is that significant drawbacks in the modern university lecture methods have been ascertained and confirmed the urgency of its improvement. The article’s focus is on defining the newly introduced concept, highlighting the case lecture principal specifics, identifying its substantial advantages, related to ensuring the symbiotic relationship of students’ independent learning as well as classwork on a specific theme, problematicity of learning content, enhancing subjects’ interaction in the course of interactive communication, searching ways and methods of the topical issues solving, discussing them, working out algorithms for applying the knowledge and solutions obtained. It has been found that interpretation of the problem-based situation described in the case is key to apply motivation for acquiring new theoretical knowledge, and provides a clear example for perceiving the ways and methods of their practical application in solving topical issues. The case lecture technological chain has been worked out; the methods of its implementation have been exemplified on the monographic culture-oriented linguistic topic “Two development patterns of English statehood in the second half of the 17th century: Mary or Elizabeth?” It has proved that the case lecture provides overcoming of stereotypes and oversimplifications in learning, students’ consumer attitude to acquiring new knowledge; it provides theoretical learning of problematicity, interactivity, heuristics; contributes to the formation of students’ conscious as well as concerned attitude to their own theoretical learning.
Structural Characteristics of The English Veterinary Metaphoric Terms
The article deals with the structural and quantitative analysis of metaphorical terms, which are an important means of nomination and an active word-formation factor in the English professional language of veterinary medicine. The object of our study is metaphorical terms in the English professional language of veterinary medicine, and the subject is their structural classification. The purpose of the article is to analyze and classify metaphorical terms of the English professional language of veterinary medicine according to the morphological principle. The task is to divide the metaphorical terms of this terminology into certain classes and study their structural models. The corpus of the study consists of metaphorical terms selected by the method of continuous sampling from modern professional dictionaries. The English professional language of veterinary medicine is built on the basis of the commonly used language and is in constant interrelation with it (it uses a common grammar: morphology and syntax), but has different areas of vocabulary realization. That is why the metaphorical terms of the English professional language are characterized primarily by the morphological and syntactic method of term formation. The structural analysis of metaphorical terms is aimed at determining the most effective ways of expressing metaphorical meanings in the studied professional language. It has been established that metaphorical terms can be expressed by root words, composites and phrases. Depending on the belonging of the word used in a figurative sense to a particular part of speech, the noun, adjective and adverbial metaphor terms are studied, the most active of them are identified, and their main structural models are described.
Linguistic Representation of the Property Category in the English Terminology of the Food Industry
The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the object categorization of English terms of the food industry. The relevance of the article is determined by the need to study object categorization in the formation, structuring and functioning of the English terminology of the food industry. The material of the study was the English-language terms of the food industry, which were obtained by the method of continuous sampling from specialized dictionaries. The analysis was carried out using definitional, semantic, categorical and conceptual research methods. The object category is widely represented by terms that designate concepts used in the terminology of the food industry and serve for their classification. It was determined that the terms representing the object category are divided into six groups: 1) terms for the designation of raw materials; 2) terms for labeling processing products; 3) terms for marking equipment and technology; 4) terms for marking packaging and labeling; 5) terms for designation of trademarks and brands; 6) terms for marking quality control and product safety. Groups of nominations corresponding to the object category are represented by the author. The study has shown that the various subcategories of the object are indeed represented in the specialized terminology of the food industry. The primary objective of the research is to shed light on the role of the object category and its linguistic representation in the English food industry terminology. The research also identifies productive linguistic elements, including special vocabulary, specialized morphemes, and syntactic constructions, that contribute to the formation of terms related to the object category. It is justified that the object category is widely used in the terminology of the food industry, as it is one of the basic categories that play an important role in the birth and formation of the naming of concepts in this industry.
Translation and adaptation: intersecting relationships
The article analyses adaptation in relation to key categories and concepts in translation studies. The aim of the article is to substantiate sociocultural and pragmatic adaptation as a distinct translation method in its intersections with translation models, foreignization and domestication strategies, paradigms in translation studies, the concept of dynamic equivalence, and the category of coherence. Pragmatic adaptation is related to the functional model of translation, according to which the translator is guided by institution-specified parameters of the target text, adapting the source text to the target-text purpose. Sociocultural adaptation correlates with the denotative model, using it in cases where the choice of translation variant is impossible without reference to the situational context presented in the source text, as well as with the communicative model, which includes various components of the extralinguistic context. Both types of adaptation align with the informative model of translation, oriented towards conveying different types of information from the source text—not only denotative but also connotative, sociocultural, pragmatic, and encyclopedic. In terms of translation typology, adaptation correlates with transcoding – achieving text equivalence by simplifying its structure and content to make the translated text more accessible to an audience lacking the necessary knowledge. It also aligns with communicative translation, which aims to achieve an effect on the target text readers equivalent to that of the source text. From the perspective of the main paradigms in translation studies, adaptation strategies correlate with the cultural paradigm in its cognitive-semantic and real-cultural dimensions. Adaptation is applied in cases of linguistic, cultural, conceptual-semantic, value-based, normative, contextual, and idiomatic non-equivalence. In translation adaptation, the translator can apply either foreignization or domestication, or combine both. When using the domestication strategy, the main techniques involve free, idiomatic or communicative translation, and actual adaptation. The concept of adaptation is related to the dynamic equivalence, as opposed to formal equivalence. From the perspective of cohesion and coherence categories reproduced in translation, adaptation correlates with coherence, facilitating the transfer of the internal semantic connections of the text to the target text, moving from content and conceptual ideas to formal structure.
The Ukrainian Language as a Linguistic and Cultural Phenomenon and Educational Strategy on the Columns of the Scientific Journal "Native Land" (1905–1916)
Abstract. Thearticle is devoted to the analysis of the political, economic literary and scientific journal «Ridnyi Krai» («Native Land») (1905-1916) through the prism of linguistic, sociolinguistic, linguistic and cultural, and partly educational problems with a special emphasis, firstly, on the change of the political situation in Ukraine in the early twentieth century and the reflection of this progress in various spheres of public life, and secondly, on the role of the Ukrainian language as the most important ethnic identifier. The linguistic, sociolinguistic, linguistic cultural, educational content of the weekly is elucidated, in particular, the range of problems raised on its pages is revealed, followed by their classification and ideological, professional, cultural, didactic, axiological interpretation from synchronic and diachronic positions. The specifics of the evolution of the vernacular and literary language in different periods are characterized in detail, based on the linguistic practice of Taras Shevchenko Marko Vovchok and other classics of Ukrainian literature and its comparison with the linguistic experience of an ordinary peasant,and the interaction between the specific resource and borrowings. Particular attention is paid to the sociolinguistic aspect i.e., views on the language of the city and the countryside, and the role of various educational institutions in shaping national consciousness. It has been proved that the publication “Ridnyi Krai”, with which the significant figures of the time, primarily Olena Pchilka, Hryhorii Kovalenko, Mykola Dmytriiev, Agatangel Krymskyi, and Borys Hrinchenko, associated their activities, had a significant impact on the development of the Ukrainian issue, which came after long official bans on the Ukrainian word; on the development of literary norms, primarily spelling, which are rightly considered a powerful unifying factor of the Ukrainian nation; on the expansion of functional capabilities (scientific, journalistic, and artistic spheres) of the Ukrainian language, and ultimately on its nation-building potential. The linguistic, cultural, educational, and other views, ideas, and beliefs declared or substantiated in the works of various genres published in the «Ridnyi Krai» found a logical continuation, and most of them have not lost their relevance to this day.
Discursive Expressions with a Conception Infinitive in their Structure
Abstract. The article analyzes discursive expressions, which contain an actualized prepositional component of the conception infinitive, and their coreference (communicative-functional equivalence) with grammatically laid out formal-elementary (simple) sentences. Based on that, the findings identify semantic-syntactic varieties of discursive expressions with the conception infinitive and analyze their communicative-pragmatic characteristics. It is substantiated that the structure of a discursive expression with the conception infinitive contains special markers, demonstrates the intersection of various intentions, their interdependence, and is seen as a grammatical category that includes the content and form planes. It is determined that in discursive expressions, (i) words of evaluative significance, (ii) particles to create the necessary modal tone and temporal clarification of predicativity, and (iii) demonstrative pronouns this, that, and such, which make the main part of the discursive expression, are used to actualize the prepositional component of the conception infinitive. It is argued that the actual articulation relates only to speech and reflects the nature of speech acts, which in oral speech are distinguished by an expressive function, intonation of completion, and in written speech, by a period, question mark, or exclamation mark.
Structural Features of Two-Way Translation of Complex Agricultural Terms
This research delves into the structural intricacies of complex agricultural terms in Ukrainian and English, scrutinizing linguistic nuances, cultural connotations, and technical dimensions. Complex terms, examined in terms of their morphological variations and syntactic differences, were identified as key challenges in bilateral translation. Cultural specificity and regional variations in Ukrainian terms added layers of complexity. The findings underscore the significance of understanding the structural features for accurate translation in the agricultural domain, emphasizing the interplay of linguistic precision, cultural sensitivity, and technical expertise. Translation examples highlight variations and propose context-aware solutions, emphasizing the need for a holistic approach. These examples reveal challenges in conveying the holistic nature of Ukrainian terms in English, emphasizing the need for context-specific solutions. Recommendations for translators include creating glossaries, collaborating with experts since the translation is not a solitary activity. It involves communication and interaction with other translators, clients, agronomists, reviewers, and experts. Also, it is extremely significant to utilize translation technologies and tools wisely. Looking into the future, areas of further research include the study of translation technologies impact on agricultural translation, consideration of regional variations, the dynamic nature of agricultural language, and interdisciplinary collaboration. This research contributes to the evolving landscape of agricultural translation, providing insights into complexities and offering practical guidance for translators.
Composition and Plot Organization of Cossack Fantasy: the Genre Aspect
Introduction. The article is dedicated to describing the compositional and narrative structure in Cossack fantasy as an essential component of cossackopeia, viewed from a genre perspective. This research also aims to identify the peculiarities of the construction of literary works in this genre and establish algorithms in the narrative used by authors. Due to the insufficient exploration of this topic, the relevance lies in the necessity to uncover the foundations of Cossack fantasy, which will contribute to a deeper understanding of its internal regularities. Methods. The study employed a range of interdisciplinary methods. Specifically, comparative analysis helped identify commonalities and differences between various works of cossackopeia, while a systematic approach assisted in examining them in the context of general laws of literary form development. Typological research methods allowed for the classification and generalization of diverse genre structures of cossackopeia, including Cossack fantasy as part of the broader corpus, based on their key features and characteristics. Results and discussion. By its genre nature and the setting of events, Cossack fantasy is intrusive. The peculiarity of the literary genres of cossackopeia lies in the hybridity and mutual penetration of their structural elements. The main dominants of the genre structure of cossackopeia in the realm of the fantastical include synergy between fantasy and historical facts, the conflict between good and evil in trans-worldly boundaries, alternative history, character archetypes, mystification, elements of science fiction, and horror. The genre structure of each work within cossackopeia acquires an individual matrix depending on the writer and their creative concept, yet at the core of each such structure are the same genre elements. Retrospective composition, characteristic of many works of Cossack fantasy, allows for flexible adjustment of the tempo of the plot without overloading it with current events. Cossack fantasy also often employs descriptive composition in the form of Cossack songs or authorial reflections, adding authenticity to the works. The main elements of the plot-compositional structure of Cossack fantasy include exposition, complication, conflict or situation, climax, and denouement. Each of these elements has its peculiarities that affect the content and course of events in works of this genre. Prologues and epilogues may be used to convey important information and provide additional explanations about the world and characters. In the genres of cossackpeia, in addition to the main plot components, supplementary elements are often utilized for a deeper narrative development. Among them, philosophical digressions hold a special place, expressed through characters' monologues, their reflections, or poetry. Another important element is epigraphs, which are quotations from literary works, poems, or proverbs, emphasizing the main theme of the work and creating a specific atmosphere and mood for the reader.
Philosophical Allusions in Fowles' Novel 'The Magus': a Linguistic Aspect
The article explores philosophical allusions in Fowles' novel "The Magus" within their linguistic context. The aim of the article is to analyze the novel in terms of intertextual references to philosophical texts, considering their types, source spaces, degree of explicitness, and structure, as well as their functions in activating the symbolic and hermeneutic codes of the text. The methods employed for analyzing philosophical intertextuality in the novel include intertextual, context-interpretative, and taxonomic analysis, as well as narrative-semiotic encoding and elements of structural analysis. According to the criterion of source spaces, the article identifies intertextual references to ancient philosophy, represented by the ideas of Heraclitus and Lucretius, as well as to existentialist philosophical texts. Based on types of intertextuality, the identified forms of borrowing include paraphrase, intertextual retelling, reminiscence, and allusion. Regarding the criterion of transparency/implicitness, the intertextual references in the article are differentiated into means with maximum explicitness – references to precedent phenomena, such as the names of philosophers, well-known philosophical works, and key existentialist concepts; means with moderate implicitness – structurally modified allusions containing an explicitly marked component, allowing recognition of the concept from the source space but unfolding in the target text in a new context; and means with maximum implicitness – reminiscences of philosophical ideas related to chance, causality, the struggle of opposites, "chosenness," and existentialist concepts associated with the ideas of Heraclitus, Nietzsche, Schopenhauer, Kierkegaard and Sartre. Regardless of the degree of explicitness, all allusions contribute either to the symbolic code of the text, actualizing its conceptual oppositions, or to the hermeneutic code, conveying the meaning of the protagonist's spiritual journey from existence to essence within the space of the God's play — metatheater. In terms of structure, intertextual means are differentiated into three main types: individual lexemes, phrases, and references to entire texts. An analysis of the text “Magus” from the perspective of multimodal intersemiotic allusions and reminiscences to painting, music, sculpture and other forms of art seems to be a prospect for further research.
Analyzing Lexical Features and Academic Vocabulary in Academic Writing
Introduction. Academic writing is considered to be an important means of sharing knowledge and academic experience. The article investigates lexical features of academic writing and academic vocabulary, correlation of academic vocabulary and writing proficiency. The main objective of teaching EAP is the development and further improvement of communicative skills of post-graduate students in professional and academic fields. There is a reasonable necessity to study and improve practical aspects of foreign language education of postgraduate students, contributing to the effective mastering of English for academic purposes (EAP), development of academic writing skills, mastering academic vocabulary. The purpose of the research is to analyze such lexical features as lexical diversity, lexical complexity, lexical density, word frequency and academic vocabulary usage of postgraduate students’ academic writing outcomes in the process of learning English for academic purposes. Theoretical and practical methods of research have been used in the article: theoretical analysis of scientific researches, methods of logical generalization, observation, analyses of EAP students’ academic writing outcomes. Results of the research. The article highlights specific peculiarities of academic writing like formal structure, specific rules, citation, traditional English grammar usage, punctuation, spelling etc. In the frame of the article we explored lexical features and academic vocabulary in English academic writing of EAP learners’ in the process of learning English for academic purposes. We studied the relation between academic vocabulary and writing abilities. The author investigated ways of word complexity, paying special attention to affixes and compound words. Different approaches to the analyses of lexical density and diversity are implemented. The most frequent academic words (nouns, verbs and adjectives) are analyzed. Conclusion. Our results showed a strong relation between academic vocabulary and writing proficiency of postgraduate students. Our empirical observation revealed correlation of lexical diversity and academic writing quality of EAP learners. Academic vocabulary demonstrates significant interrelationship with the quality of writing. Word frequency correlates with word difficulty. According to our findings advanced learners predominantly use less frequent words and have larger vocabulary size.
Etymological Analysis of Scientific Names of Cultivated Trees and Shrubs
Dendronyms are one of the most ancient layers of vocabulary, their research in comparative and cognitive-onomasiological aspects is one of the topical areas of modern linguistics. Despite the strong tradition of studying dendronyms, the scientific names of cultivated trees and shrubs remain outside the researchers’ attention. The aim of the article is to determine the etymology of the scientific names of cultivated trees and shrubs, to reconstruct the motivators of the dendronyms nomination. Etymological analysis of dedronyms and the comparative method were used in the research, 16 binomial names served as material. The conducted analysis proved that the process of nomination of trees and shrubs in Latin and Ukrainian is mostly based on the mechanisms of propositional and dictum motivation, which fixes true knowledge about the object of nomination in the structure of the name. Predicate-argument type of propositional-dictum motivation prevails. In both Latin and Ukrainian languages, the reconstruction of the motivators of many names of trees and shrubs remains hypothetical, even within the etymological investigations of the same word, researchers actualize different name motivators, seeing connections with various characteristics of plant: appearance, color, smell, taste, origin or place of growth, time of flowering or ripening, properties, usage in human practice and other factors. Since the process of domestication of trees and shrubs has a long history, many dendronyms names in both Latin and Ukrainian languages have reconstructed Proto-Indo-European stems. The results of the research can be used in the educational process in the training of specialists in the field of horticulture and forestry.
Intercultural Communication in Multicultural Education: Strategies, Challenges, and Opportunities
In an increasingly interconnected and diverse world, the intersection of intercultural communication and multicultural education holds paramount importance in shaping inclusive and equitable learning environments. This research paper delves into the intricate dynamics of this intersection, aiming to elucidate the strategies, challenges, and opportunities inherent in fostering effective cross-cultural interactions within educational settings. Drawing upon foundational theories of intercultural communication and multicultural education, the paper explores the symbiotic relationship between these fields and their pivotal role in promoting cultural competence, empathy, and social justice among learners from diverse backgrounds. Through a comprehensive synthesis of literature, empirical studies, based on faculty perceptions and comments enriched with the students’ feedback, it examines the multifaceted challenges posed by cultural differences, linguistic diversity, and power dynamics in educational contexts. Moreover, the paper critically evaluates pedagogical approaches, curriculum design, and teacher training programs aimed at enhancing intercultural understanding and inclusivity. Additionally, it considers the impact of technological advancements and globalization on intercultural communication within educational spheres, emphasizing both the opportunities and challenges they present. By offering insights into effective practices and policy implications, this paper seeks to contribute to the ongoing discourse on fostering culturally responsive and transformative educational experiences for learners of diverse cultural backgrounds.
Repetition in Inaugural Addresses of Presidents of Azerbaijan
Among all genres of political discourse, political speeches can be considered as the most problematic. This is because are characterized by the use of various strategies and tools that help politicians convey a political message and persuade people to adhere to different ideologies and opinions. First of all, it is important to note that we consider discourse as a language pattern that people use in different areas of their social life. Presidential speech is one of the subgenres of political discourse that shares the characteristics of both spoken and written discourse. This is actually a broad area worth studying. In this connection, the article aims to examine different types of repetitions (direct repetitions of sounds, words and sentences) and their function in inaugural speeches of presidents of Azerbaijan Heydar Aliyev and Ilham Aliyev. Inaugural speeches are distinguished by their differences, originality, and most importantly, in terms of the use of language tools. The result of our analysis suggests that repetition is used as the main stylistic and lexico-grammatical device in the discursive strategy of the presidents to reflect inclusiveness and create shared responsibility with the audience. The research also shows that the repetitions bring an element of credibility to an idea. Repetition of any idea several times in the form of sounds, words and phrases can be reflected in the mind of the audience. It ultimately creates more convincing image in the audience.
Functional Characteristics of Interrogative Discursive Utterances
Abstract. The article analyzes the characteristics of discursive utterances with an activated prepositional interrogative component and relates them to grammatical formal elementary (simple) sentences. The findings justify their status as units of text, in which communicative realization of grammatical sentences takes place. Next, the research identifies semantic and syntactic varieties of interrogative discursive utterances, as well as their communicative pragmatic features. Coreference (communicative functional equivalence) with the grammatical sentence is considered to make the basis for identifying discursive utterances as a separate communicative unit. It is argued that in discursive utterances, the following means are used to activate the interrogative component: interrogative intonation, manifested in a rising tone on the word related to the question; word order, mostly involving the movement of the word related to the question to the beginning of the utterance; interrogative particles such as UA невже (EN is it? / isn’t it? / did they? / didn’t they? and the like), UA хіба (EN Are you? / Is it? / Do they? / Will he? etc.), UA чи (EN Are you? / Is it? / Do they? / Will he? etc.), without limitation; interrogative pronominal words such as UA хто И?who’, UA що И?what’, UA який И?what kind of […]’, UA чий И?whose’, UA котрий И?which’, UA скільки И?how many’ / И?how much’, UA де И?where’, UA куди И?where [to]’, UA звідки И?where [from]’, UA як И?how’, UA коли И?when’, UA доки И?until’, UA чому И?why’, UA навіщо И?what … for’, and so forth. It is demonstrated that interrogative intention represents linguistic personality in discursive utterance, meets the speaker's need, and reflects their aspirations, need in discovery, and creativity.
Names of Educational Institutions: the Pragmalinguistic Aspect
Introduction. The high rate of development of the educational services market has led to increased competition. In view of this, educational institutions should improve the organisational and economic mechanisms of their activities, using a rational management and marketing approach in their activities Methods. The following methods were used to achieve the aim of the study: general - analysis and synthesis, study and generalisation of the existing experience of branding in education; descriptive method - for inventory, classification, systematisation and interpretation of proper names in synchrony; method of associative and conceptual analysis - to identify the dominant meanings of the names of general secondary education institutions; statistical method of establishing the frequency of use of a particular method of creating names; pragmatic analysis of communications - to reconstruct nominative strategies and motivations during the The survey method was used to identify the attitude of the heads of general secondary education institutions to the branding of educational institutions and to study the associations, emotions that the brand evokes in them, and the reflection of the brand essence in the name. Research results and their discussion. The stages of creating a name for an educational institution are considered. The most common methods of naming private general secondary education institutions are characterised. The most common are the associative method, which is based on building certain positive associations associated with the name of the institution, and the reference method. A classification of approaches to naming general secondary education institutions has been developed. The results of the study show that the names of pragmatic type prevail in modern names of educational institutions. Instead, the small number of non-pragmatic non-informative nominations is explained by the fact that in a highly competitive environment, names with a meaning that is not supported by an indication of the type of activity of the institution will not be remembered by the consumer. Prospects for further research on the names of educational institutions from the point of view of the communicative-functional approach are proposed.
Language Stereotypes of the Social Dimension of War
The relevance of the research topic is determined by the interest in stereotypes of public consciousness, dictated by the real situation - the military invasion of Russia on the territory of Ukraine. The analysis of the social stereotype, in particular, of the war era, as a phenomenon of social reality, the mechanisms of launching a stable connection between the perception of objects and the corresponding repeated behavior, is a necessity and one of the important real ways to reduce unpredictable social risks and conflicts. The goal of intelligence is to reveal, reveal the essence, functions and properties of wartime social stereotypes, determine their role in the structure of the modern communicative space. Research methodology. The research is based on the materials of media texts provided in open Internet sources. The work uses a complex and systematic combination of general scientific and special (linguistic) research methods based on the basic principles of anthropocentrism, which affirms the key role of the human factor in the process of learning about the world. Research results and their discussion. The study of social stereotypes of the war period is aimed at describing the mechanisms of their categorization and evaluation, with a focus on the cultural environment that collectively forms the conditions for their occurrence. We will interpret the social stereotype as a conscious linguistic and cognitive phenomenon, which is a means of fixing and reproducing the categorically conditioned linguistic experience of the bearer of ethnic consciousness, which ensures the systematic ordering of the world in the mind of the individual. The functioning of stereotypes characterizing certain aspects of social reality make it possible to quickly and sufficiently reliably categorize various aspects of social life, which proves the high productivity of the semantic derivation of social stereotypes today. The main channels for the creation and spread of social stereotypes of the wartime era are media discourse: social networks, mass communication media, online publications, etc. not only fully reproduce the processes of stereotyping, but also testify to the reflection of Ukrainians’ ideas about norms, reproducing the complex world of the historical passage of human perception through the experience of reality, material and spiritual life of the Ukrainian ethnic group. The analysis of factual material convincingly proves that the most productive way of creating social stereotypes of the war period in mass media discourse is a metaphor – a figurative form of rationality that reflects the results of the world of conceptualization, categorization and evaluation.
Soft Law as a distinct subtype of International Legal Discourse: On the issue of differentiation in the linguistic aspect
The article analyzes the discourse of international soft law from the perspective of its structural, communicative, modal, lexico-semantic, and syntactic features that differentiate these quasi-legal texts from universally binding hard law. The goal of the research is to identify the linguistic and communicative parameters of soft law discourse as a distinct subtype within the realm of international legal discourse. It is found that linguistic parameters of soft law include the use of passive constructions, impersonal sentences, elaborate hedges, and the use of verbs with semantics of recommendation, desirability, and declaration, introducing legal texts. In the position of the phrasal subject, names of objects or action goals are used instead of designations of participating states. These linguistic means realize the modality of recommendation, desirability, permissiveness, and possibility, as opposed to the modality of obligation characteristic of hard law texts. The communicative parameters of soft law discourse encompass the specificity of communicative purpose and communicative structure. The communicative purpose is polycomponential, comprising an invariant component – the recommendation of coordinated rules of international conduct, and variant strategies: interpretation of norms of international law, identification of solidarity regarding states' intentions to act in a unified direction, and preparation of future documents with mandatory legal force. From the perspective of communicative structure, soft law discourse is structured through both linear and interactive communicative moves. The typical linear structure correlates with the substantive-compositional organization of soft law text and includes five components – communicative moves: Adoption, Justification, Definition of key terms, Establishment of recommended normative rules and scope of application, and means of enforcement as an optional component. The interactive structure pertains to the qualification of normative expressions based on the criterion of the function attributed to the stated norm or its components, such as clarification, commentary, reservations, etc. For texts of international soft law, two-component interactive moves are typical, where preceding moves or a series of moves contain various justifications for why the subsequent normative provision is necessary. A perspective for future research involves differentiating the genres of soft law from a linguistic perspective.
The Ukrainian Concept of a Multidimensional Compound Sentence
The article highlights the history of a compound sentence research in Ukrainian linguistics in the projection onto its definitive background, immanent characteristics, classification parameters and isofunctional relations; the differential features of this syntactic unit are distinguished, its place in the scientific paradigm of a composite sentence is determined. The multi-vector nature of the interpretive spectrum of compound sentences is systematically characterized through the prism of traditional and new Ukrainian and world linguistic experience; an attempt was made to establish symmetric-asymmetric connections and relations in the complex mechanism of the multi-level organization of the sentence in general and the compound sentence in particular as its important and specific type. The research is based on the fundamental studies devoted to the complex description of the structure and semantics of compound sentences by A. P. Hryshchenko, I. R. Vykhovanets and K. H. Horodenska. The article focuses on the problem of identification (A. P. Hryshchenko, K. H. Horodenska) / opposition (I. R. Vykhovanets) of syndetic and asyndetic composite sentences, their elementary and non-elementary models, closedness / openness of the formal-grammatical structure and factors influencing the possibility of new predicative parts appearance (I. R. Vykhovanets, K. H. Horodenska). Special attention is paid to the problem of the typology of compound sentences in accordance with the semantic nature of the means of combining their predicative units: multifunctional in terms of the meanings of conjunctions (semantic, partially asemantic, asemantic), lexical meanings of the components of predicative parts, as well as combined syndetic and lexico-semantic formation and expression of semantic-syntactic relations The basic provisions of each of the compared views are distinguished and this clearly demonstrates the evolution of Ukrainian syntax in the direction of semanticization of the formal-grammatical level of a sentence and its qualification from the standpoint of multidimensionality on symmetric-asymmetric bases.
Artificial Intelligence and Copyediting of Media Texts: Bifurcation Points
Introduction. The article is devoted to the use of artificial intelligence in the media, because a number of information agencies and media use it to perform various tasks. There are new documents that establish ethical standards and principles for newsrooms and media that will be applied in work with artificial intelligence, or contain the first recommendations for the use of artificial intelligence (in particular, generative) in education and scientific research. It is recognized that artificial intelligence opens up new opportunities, but at the same time carries significant threats. The extent to which artificial intelligence can be used in media, in particular for paraphrasing and/or editing texts (especially prose for children), has not yet been studied. Methods. The research used a number of general scientific and linguistic methods. In particular, the methods of analysis, synthesis, deduction and induction, the descriptive method are used to justify the theoretical base of the research and generalize observations. The experimental method was used to test the capabilities of some existing tools based on artificial intelligence for paraphrasing and editing texts and to find out how high-quality the secondary (paraphrased) and/or edited text with the help of these tools is. Results and discussion. It is undeniable to say that any text needs editing or self-editing. There is no doubt that modern technologies using artificial intelligence make the editor's work easier, saving precious time. It has been observed that the Ukrainian-language segment of applications and programs for working with text is developing, and their developers announce that these tools not only notice language errors, but also paraphrase the text, analyzing the context, preserving the content and even offering several stylistic options. It was determined that 1) existing paraphrasing technologies are not perfect, they cannot be unconditionally used as one of the creative methods of text editing; 2) algorithms for paraphrasing / editing texts are not able to understand the context of the event and the communicative situation, distinguish between direct and figurative meaning (for example, paraphrases), take into account the psycholinguistic characteristics of the text (such as: in prose for children), do not know the synonyms of syntactic units, etc. Ethical aspects of the use of technologies based on artificial intelligence are also considered. It is noted that applications and programs for working with text are tools that can help to cope with certain tasks, but cannot replace a human editor, in particular, his sense of words, style, and tonality of the text, his creativity, problem-solving skills and ability to think critically.
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Translation of Media Content during Martial Law
This article is devoted to the study of the problem of media content translation during martial law. The importance of the media as an information resource in the modern world is analyzed and it considers how the military conflict affects the way information is presented. The article also examines ethical issues related to the translation of media content in conflict settings and provides examples of practical strategies to ensure objectivity and accuracy of information. The study shows that high-quality translation of media content is important for maintaining objectivity and trust in the media in crisis situations. The article examines the importance of context in the translation of media content during martial law. A translation must not only convey accurate information, but also take into account sensitive aspects and cultural characteristics that may affect the audience's perception. In addition, it is highlighted how translation can influence the formation of public opinion and stereotypes during a military conflict, which makes it an important aspect of the information space. Special attention is paid to issues of cultural equivalent in translation, as terms and expressions can have different meanings in different cultures. The article identifies the challenges faced by translators in their efforts to maintain the effectiveness and adequacy of translation in the conditions of a military conflict. In addition, the article examines the role of technology in improving the process of media content translation and ensuring speed and accuracy in emergency situations. Analyzing the use of machine translation and other innovations, it is analyzed how these tools can contribute to maintaining the objectivity and reliability of information. In general, the goal is to highlight the complexity of media content translation tasks during martial law and to contribute to the improvement of methods that allow for the highest degree of objectivity and accuracy in emergency situations.
Ukrainian as a Native, Heritage and Foreign Language: the Content of Concepts and Principles of Teaching
The interest in learning Ukrainian is constantly growing. Today, we can identify three audiences that learn the language: Ukrainians, the diaspora and foreigners. Accordingly, approaches to teaching it should be different. Therefore, the article defines the concepts of Ukrainian as a native language, Ukrainian as a heritage language, and Ukrainian as a foreign language. Attention is focused on the content of the concept of native speaker and its characteristics. Basic principles and tasks of a modern lesson in Ukrainian as a native language are characterized. These include the development of skills to work with information, create and analyze texts, and express one's own opinion. The lesson also performs an educational function, ensures the mastery of moral, ethical and psychological principles of communication and cooperation, etc. Traditional and non-traditional methods of language teaching are covered. For teachers of Ukrainian as a heritage language, the target audience is bilinguals who usually have good oral language skills formed under the influence of communication at home or in the community, but reading and writing skills are not sufficiently developed. Therefore, teachers should focus on the development of reading skills, including understanding the content of the text, and writing skills, including the ability to not only reproduce texts but also compose them. Teaching should use an activity-based method, a differentiated approach, a combination of different types of assignments, and interrelated language and culture teaching. This audience faces problems related to interference. The article also highlights the main principles and rules of teaching a language as a foreign one: the role of the foreigner's goal to learn the language, the choice of teaching methods based on the communicative approach, the construction of courses according to the level of language proficiency, the linguistic and cultural aspect, etc. As an example, the International Summer School of Ukrainian Studies «Step to Ukraine» organized by the International Institute of Education, Culture and Diaspora Relations of Lviv Polytechnic National University is cited.
Multimodal Advertising: Semiotic and Cognitive-Pragmatic Aspects
The article focuses on the analysis of the multimodal advertising of the Nokia brand from a semiotic and cognitive-pragmatic perspective. The aim of the article is to identify the secondary signifieds of the brand discourse and the features of their actualization through verbal, visual, and auditory advertising modes. This goal is achieved through several tasks, including identifying connotations related to the auditory mode in the context of its intertextuality; specifying secondary signifieds actualized by visual metaphors; determining the interface of pragmatic and cognitive parameters in visual metaphors; justifying the role of secondary signifieds in constructing the target consumer identity of the Nokia brand. It is found that key secondary signifieds constitutive of the brand discourse are connotative meanings such as "self-expression," "inspiration," and "classicism." These connotations, embodying the motivational needs of the target consumer identity of Nokia, are intended to displace the primary signifieds associated with the functional purpose of the brand's products as mobile communication devices. Visual and verbal images of classical guitar and violin, as well as auditory intertextual borrowing of a classical melody in the brand's ringtone, are used to create secondary signifieds that metonymically connect the brand with classical music and inspiration. These secondary signifieds appeal to two types of consumer identities: those with motivational needs for self-realization and creativity and those with needs for continuity, traditions, and stability. Images of classical musical instruments serve as source spaces for visual metaphors and intertextuality, in blends of which the secondary signifieds of the brand discourse are reconstructed. The reconstruction of signifieds is carried out through discursive implicatures, establishing the quantity, transparency, quality, and coherence of information disrupted by metaphors or intertextuality as means associated with deviations from cooperative maxims. The restored implicatures shape propositional-locutionary content, which, in the elaboration stage of the blend, takes on illocutionary forces of an indirect commissive act—promising to satisfy the motivational needs of the target audience in self-expression, heritage, and traditions—and an indirect directive, urging to fulfill these motivational needs through the acquisition of the brand's products.
Approaches to Assessing Translation Proficiency
Introduction. An important component of the system of specialized translation competence development is the assessment of its proficiency level, which should be based on the latest developments in the field of translator training methodology, the translation service industry requirements, and current national and international academic standards. The purpose of this paper is to analyze approaches to translation competence assessment and to distinguish those relevant to assessing specialized translation proficiency of 4th-year Philology students. The author applies theoretical research methods: analyzing research papers referring to translation assessment and academic standards namely the CEFR and the PETRA-E Framework, collating and generalizing their key ideas and provisions as well as synthesizing them in order to outline the approaches to specialized translation competence assessment. Discussion. The level-based approach should be implemented through defining the initial and target levels of specialized translation proficiency separately for English-Ukrainian and Ukrainian-English language pairs and taking into account the CEFR global scale descriptors concerning translating a written text in writing, modified with regard to text type, translation variation (full, fragmentary, summary, abstract), and ICT skills; as well as the PETRA-E Framework competence-based descriptors, altered in accordance with specialized translation features, in particular, terminology and subject matter knowledge and relevant skills. The process-oriented approach is better manifested during formative assessment, the purpose of which is to receive feedback on the effect of specialized translation knowledge acquisition and skill formation. It is implemented through the check-list method and translation text analysis. The product-oriented approach involves evaluating the target text using holistic, analytic (analytic proper, error count, check-list, and norm-referenced) and combined methods depending on translation variation, type and purpose of assessment. Conclusions. Assessing specialized translation competence of 4th-year students majoring in Philology is a complex multifaceted process that is grounded on the level-based, process-oriented and product-oriented approaches. Their implementation relies on the modified CEFR and PETRA-E Framework proficiency descriptors and depends on translation variation, assessment type and purpose.